3. A Levite, the grandson of Jcdulthun, son of Ga- lal, and father of Abda (Neh. xi, 17). B.C. ante 450. He is the same as Shkmaiah the father of Obadiah (1 Chron. ix, 16).
4. The representative of the priestly family of Bil- gah, or Bilgai, in the daj-s of the high-priest Joiakim (Neh. xii, is). B.C. cir." 500.
Shammu'ah. (2 Sam. v, 14). See Shammua.
Sham'sherai [usually Shcimshera'i] (Heb. Shum- sheray', '•y^i'O'C, sunlike; Sept. Ya^aapia v. r. 2a/x- (Tapi), the first named of six sons of Jeroham, of the tribe of Benjamin, resident at Jerusalem (1 Chron. viii, 26). B.C. post 1500.
Shamyl, or Schamyl (i. e. SamueP), a celebrated leader of the Caucasus, was born at Aul-Himry, in Northern Daghestan. He belonged to a wealthy Les- ghian famih' of rank, and early became a zealous disci- ple of Kasi-JIollah, the great apostle of Muridism, who brought together the various Caucasian tribes, and led them against the heretical Russians. After the assassi- nation of Hamzad Bey, the successor of Kasi-lMoUah (1834), Shamj'l was unanimously elected imam ; and being absolute temporal and spiritual chief of the tribes which acknowledged his authority, he made numerous changes in tlieir religious creed and political adminis- tration. His militarj' tactics, consisting of surprises, ambuscades, etc., brought numerous successes to the mountaineers. In 1837 he defeated general Ivelitch , but in 1839 the Russians succeeded in hemming Shamyl into Akulgo, in Daghestan, took the fortress by storm, and it was supposed that he perished, as the defenders were put to the sword. But he suddenly reappeared, preaching more vigorously than ever the " holy war against the heretics." In 1843 he conquered all Avares, besieged Mozdok, foiled the Russians in their subse- quent cam[)aign, and gained over to his side the Cauca- sian tribes which had hitiierto favored Russia. In 1844 he completed the organization of his government, made Dargo his capital, and established a code of laws and a system of taxation and internal communication. The fortunes of war changed till 1852, when Bariatinsky compelled Shamyl to assume the defensive, and deprived him of his victorious prestige. Religious indifference and political dissensions began to undermine his power, and at the close of the Crimean war Russia again at- tempted the subjection of the Caucasus. For three years Shamyl bravely held out, although for several months he was a mere guerilla chief, hiniled from fast- ness to fastness. At last (Sept. G, 1859), he was sur-
prised on the plateau of Ghunib, and, after a desperate resistance, was taken prisoner. His wives and treasure were spared to him, and he was taken to St. Petersburg, where he met with a gracious reception from Alexander II. After a short stay, he was assigned to Kaluga, re- ceiving a pension of 10,000 rubles. From here he re- moved (December, 1868) to Kief, and in January, 1870, to Mecca, remnining a ])arole prisoner of the Russian government. He died in Medina, Arabia, in March, 1871.
Shan. See Betii-siian,
Shane, John Dabney, a Presbyterian minister, was born in Cincinnati, O., in 1812. He graduated at Hampden Sidnej- College, I'rince Edward Co., Va., ami studied theology at the Union Theological Seminary in that state. He was licensed by the Cincinnati Presby- tery on May 31, 1842, and shortly after ordained by the West Lexington Presbytery, laboring until 1855 at North Middlcton, Ky., and with other churches in that region of countrj'. He returned to Cincinnati in 1857, and afterwards preached as occasion presented in the bounds of the Cincinnati Presbytery. He died Feb, 7, 18C4. Mr. Shane, from his earliest years, revealed a passion for collecting and hoarding everything that had any direct or indirect bearing upon the planting and history of the Presbyterian Church in the Mississippi valley. To carry out the great objects of his life, he declnied the pastoral office, as he had that of the family relation, so that he could roam untrammelled over that broad land. After his death, his collections were sold at auction, and realized about $3000. A large portion of them were secured through the attention of Mr. Samuel Agnew, of Philadelphia, for the Presbyterian Historical Societv. See Wilson, Fiesb. llist, A Imunuc, 1865, p. 119. (J. L. S.)
Shane, Joseph, a minister of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, was born in Jefferson Countj', ()., April 9, 1834, and united with the Church when about seventeen 3-ears old. He was licensed as a local preacher April 25, 1857, and in 1859 was received into the Pittsburgh Conference. In the spring of 1865 he was compelled to resign his charge, and after a few months of illnes.'!, died in Apollo, Armstrong Co., Pa., Jan. 16, 1866. See MinuU'S of Annual Conferences, 1866, p. 21.
Shang-te, a deity of the Chinese, often spoken of in terms which seem to point him out as, in their view, the Supreme Being, the only true God. This is, how- ever, a much-disputed point. Mr. S. C. Malan, in his work Who is God in China'? argues in favor of Shang-te as identical with the God of the Christians. C)lhers (and among them Rev. Mr. jM'Letchie) maintain that Shang-te is not a personal being distinct from matter, but a soul of the world. The word is often used by Chinese classical writers to denote the power manifested in the various operations of nature, but is never applied to a self- existent Almighty Being, the Creator of the universe. In the sacred book Shou-king there are no fewer than thirty-eight allusions to a great power or being called Shang-te. The name itself, as we learn from j\Ir. Hardwick, imports august or sovereign ruler. To him especially is offered the sacrifice Loije, and the six Tsong, beings of inferior rank, appear to constitute his retinue. In the Shoo-kivr/ it is stated, and perhaps with reference to the nature of Shang-te, "Heaven is supremely intelligent: the perfect man imitates him (or it), the ministers obey him (or it) with respect, the people follow the orders of the government." Others maintain that in the very oldest products of the Chinese mind no proper personality has ever been ascribed to the supreme power. Heaven is called the father of the universe, but only as earth is called the mother. Both are said to live, to generate, to (piicken ; are made the objects of prayer and sacrifice. Heaven is a personifi- cation of ever-present law, order, and intelligence. By these writers Shang-te is believed to lie nothing more than a great "Anima mundi," energizing everywhere