Sha'veh-kiriatha'im (Heb. Shaveh' Kiryatha'- yini, D'^r'^";p T^y^, plain of the double city; Sept. Sav?) r] TTtiXte), a plain at or near the city of Kiriathaim, oc- cupied b)' the Emim at the time of Chedorlaomer's in- vasion (Gen. xiv, 5). Schwarz finds the town (which is known to have been located east of the Jordan) in the ruins of Kiridt, one and a half mile south-west from Mount Atara {Palest, p. 228), and the dale, or Shaveh (q. v.), must have been in the immediate vicinity. See
KiR.TATHALM.
Shaving (properly nbs, ^Dprioj). The ancient Egyptians were the only Oriental nation who objected to wearing the beard. Hence, when Pharaoh sent to summon Joseph from his dungeon, we find it record- ed that the patriarch "shaved himself" (Gen. xli, 14). Shaving was therefore a remarkable custom of the Egyptians, in which they were distinguished from other Oriental nations, who carefully cherished the beard, and regarded the loss of it as a deep disgrace. That this was the feeling of the Hebrews is obvious from many passages (see especially 2 Sam. x, 4) ; but here Joseph shaves himself in conformity with an Egyptian usage, of which this passage conveys the earliest intimation, but which is confirmed not onh^ by the subsequent ac- counts of Greek and IJoman writers, but by the ancient sculptures and paintings of Egypt, in which the male figure is usually beardless. It is true that in sculptures some heads have a curious rectangular beard, or rather beard-case attached to the chin; but this is proved to be an artificial appendage by the same head being rep- resented sometimes with and at other times without it, and still more by the appearance of a band which passes along the jaws and attaches it to the cap on the head or to the hair. It is concluded that this appendage was never actually worn, but was used in sculpture to indi- cate the male character. See Beakd.
The practice of shaving the beard and hair, and some- times the whole body, was observed among the Hebrews only under extraordinary circumstances. ' The Lcvites on the day of their consecration, and the lepers at their purification, shaved all the hair off their bodies (Numb, viii, 7 ; Lev. xiv, 8, 9). A woman taken prisoner in war, when she married a Jew, shaved the hair off her head (Deut. xxii, 12), and the Hebrews generally, and also the nations bordering on Palestine, shaved them- selves when they mourned, and in times of great calam- itj"-, whether pulilic or private (Isa. vii, 20; xv, 2; Jcr. xli, 5; xlviii, 37; Bar. vi, 30). God commanded the priests not to cut their hair or beards in tlieir mourn- ings (Lev. xxi, 5). It may be proper to observe that, among the most degrading of punislmients for women is the loss of their hair; and the apostle hints at this (1 Cor. xi, 6): "If it be a shame for a woman to be shorn or shaven," etc. See ILviij.
Modern Orientals shave the head alone, and that only in the case of settled residents in towns (Van Len- nep, Bible Lands, p. 517). See Barber.
SHAVING. In the early Church the clergy were exhorted to a decent mean in dress and habits. Thus, for instance, long hair anil baldness, by shaving the head or beard, being then generally reputed indecencies in contrary extremes, the clergj' were obliged to ob- serve a becoming mediocrity between them. This is the meaning, according to its true reading, of that con- troverted canon of the fourth Council of Carthage, which says that a clergyman shall neither indidge long hair, nor shave his beard: " Clericus nee comam nu- triat, nee barbam radat." Sidonius ApoUinaris (lib. iv, ep. 24) describes his friend Maximus Palatinus, a cler- gyman, as having his hair short and his beard long. Shaving of the monks was performed at certain fixed times, the razors being kept in an ambry close to the entrance to the dormitory (Bingham, Christ. Antiqui- ties,Yl, iv, 15). Eustathius, the heretic, was for having all virgins shorn or shaven at their consecration, but the Council of Gangra immediately rose up against him and anathematized the practice, passing a decree in these words : " If any woman, under pretence of an as- cetic life', cut off her hair, which God hath given her for a memorial of subjection, let her be anathema, as one that disannuls the decree of subjection." Theodo- sius the Great added a civil sanction to confirm the ec- clesiastical decree. — Bingham, Antiquities of the Chris- tian Church, VII, iv, 6. See Tonsure.
Shaving -man, the officer — frequently a door- keeper, as at St. Mary Magdalen College, Oxford — whose duty it w^is to shave the beards of the clerics in a college or religious house.
Shav'sha (Heb. Shavsha', Xdld, nobility [Flirst] ; Sept. 2oiJ(T« V. r. Yovq, and even 'I/jcror/t;), the royal secretary in the reign of David (1 Chron. xviii, Hi). He is apparently the same with Seraiah (2 Sam. viii, 17), who is called Sacra by Josephus {Ant. vii, 5, 4), and Y,aud in the Vat. IMS. of the Sept. Shisha is the read- ing of two MSS. and of the Targnm in 1 Chron. xviii, IC. In 2 Sam. xx, 25 he is called Sheva, and in 1 Kings iv, 3 SiiiSHA.