3. (Sept. St/iai'i'a.) Another Levite who joined in tlie same covenant (Neh. x, 12). B.C. 459.
4. (Sejit. 2f/3n)'i, Tfxevia.) A priest who did the same (Neh. x, 4; xii, 14). B.C. 459. He had a son
SIIEBARIM
629
SIIECUEM
named Joseph (ver. 14). He is apparently the same elsewhere (_ver. 3) called Sheciianiah (q. v.).
Sheb'arim (Heb. with the art., hash-iShebarim', D"'131i"n, the breacfies, as often elsewhere rendered; Sept. avt'tTpLxl/av; Vulg. S€ba7-im) is given in the A. V. as tlie name of a place to which the Israelites retreated in the first attack of Ai (Josh, vii, 5). " The root of the word has the force of ' dividing' or ' breaking,' and it is tlierefore suggested that the name was attached to a spot where there were fissures or rents in the soil, gradually deepening till tliey ended in a sheer descent or precipice to the ravine by which the Israelites had come from (iilgal — 'the going down' (ITl^arl; see ver. 5 and the margin of the A. V.). The ground around the site of Ai, on any hypothesis of its locality, was very much of this character. Keil (Josiia, ad loc.) interprets Sheba- rim by 'stone quarries;' but this does not appear to be supported by other commentators or by lexicographers. The ancient interpreters (Seijt,, Targ., and Syr.) usually discard it as a proper name, and render it 'till they were broken up,' etc." — Smith. But this is opposed both to the use of the art. here — which seems to indicate a well- known and specific locality — and to the fact that but few of the Hebrews were slain there. A minute examina- tion of the locality would doubtless reveal some clue to the name. See Ai.
Shebat. See Sebat.
She'ber (Heb. id. nsi;:, breakim/ ,■ Sept. St/Stp V. r. Sa/Sfp), first named of the sons of Caleb (son of Hur) by his concubine Maachah (1 Chrou. ii, 43). B.C. post 185(5.
Shebiith. See Talmud.
Sheb'na (Heb. Shebna', N3at3 [occasionally Slieb- naJi', mn'r, 2 Kings xviii, 18, '20; xix, 2], vu/or; Sept. ^(jSvaQ V. r. Sojui/flc ; Josephus, So/3j'«7of; [ A nt. x, 1, 1]), a person of high position in Hezekiah's court, holding at one time the office of praifect of the palace (Isa. xxii, 15), but subsequenth' the subordinate office of secretary (xxxvi, 3 ; 2 Kings xix, 2), his former post being given to Eiliakim, B.C. 713. This change appears to have been effected by Isaiah's interposition ; for Shebna had incurred the prophet's extreme displeasure, partly on account of his pride (Isa. xxii, 16), his luxury (ver. 18), and his tyranny (as implied in the title of" father" be- stowed on his successor, ver. 21), and partly (as appears from his successor being termed a "servant of .lehovali," A-er. 20) on account of his belonging to tlie political party which was opposed to the theocracy and in favor of the Egyptian alliance. From the omission of the usual no- tice of his fiither's name, it has been conjectured that he was a noviis homo. — Smith. Wnier thinks, from the Aram.ean form of Ins name, that he was a foreigner. He is also mentioned in 2 Kings xviii, 37 ; Isa. xxxvi, 11. 22; xxxvii, 2.
Shebo. See Agate.
Shebu'el [many Sheb'uell (Heb. Skebuel', ^N!iail5, cnplire [or renoirn'\ of God; Sept. Sov/3a/;X; Vulg. S(tbuel), the name of two Levites.
1. A leading descendant of Gershom, the son of Moses (1 Chron. xxiii, ](!), who was ruler of the treasures of the house of (Jod (xxvi, 24) , called also Shubael (xxiv, 20). B.C. 1013. "The Targum of 1 Chron. xxvi, 24 has a strange piece of confusion: 'And Shehuel, that is, Jonathan the son of (iershom the son of Closes, returned to the fear of Jehovah, and when David saw that he was skilful in money matters he ajipolnted him chief over the treasures.' He is the last descendant of Moses of whom there is any trace" (Smith).
2. One of the fourteen sons of Heman the minstrel, and chief of the thirteenth band of twelve in the temple chf)ir (1 Chron. xxv, 4) ; also called Shubael (ver. 20). B.C. 1013.
Shebuoth, See Taljiud.
Shecani'ah (1 Chron. xxiv, 11 ; 2 Chron. xxxi, 15), the same name usually Anglicized Shechaniah (q. v.).
Shecliani'ah (Heb. Shehatiyah', H^D^t", dweller [i. e. iniiiiuite] with Jehot-ah, twice in the prolonged form Shehmya'hit, W^pilT [ 1 Chron. xxiv, 11 ; 2 Chron. xxxi, 15], which is always Anglicized "Shecaniah" in the A. v.; Sept. ^ixtvui^, but Se^^oi'inc in 2 Chron. xxxi, 15; Ezraviii,5; S£Y«J'int; i" '^'er. 3; i"e)(;f j^in in Neh. xii, 3; Vulg. Secheuias, but iSebenias in xii, 3), the name of several men, chiefiy during the post-exilian period.
1. The clnef of the tenth division of priests accord- ing to the arrangement under David (1 Chron. xxiv, 11, "Shecaniah"). B.C. 1014.
2. Last named of the priests appointed by Ilezekiah to distribute the daily services among the sacerdotal order (2 Chron. xxxi, 15, "Shecaniah"). B.C. 726.
3. One of the " priests and Levites" (but to which of these orders he belonged does not certainly appear, prob- ably the former, however) who returned from Bab\'lon wit'h Zerubbabel (Neh. xii, 3). B.C. 536. In ver. 14 (and perhaps x, 4) he is apparently called Shebaniah (q. v.). But he is not the same with the Shecaniah who was tenth in order of the priests in the reign of David; inasmuch as in the lists in Nehemiah his name continually occurs in the seventh or eighth place (see Keil, ad loc).