(4.) A comparatively trifling objection is that we mar the simplicity of the structure of the sentence by introducing Shiloh as a new subject; an objection, be- sides, wliich presses with equal weight upon our oppo- nents, who forget that "the sceptre" or "the lawgiv- er," and not " Judah," is the original subject.
On the above questions, see, besides the regular com- mentaries, and the treatises already cited, the mono- graphs in Latin by Stempel (F. ad O. 1610); Alting ( Franec. 1662 ) ; Leusler (Giess. 1662) ; Mliller (Jen. 1667); Burger (Altd. 1710); Schottgen (F. ad 0. 1718) ; Vriemoet (Ultraj. 1722); Sherbach (Vitemb. 1743); Huth ( Erlang. 1748 ) ; Nagel (Altd. 1767); Gulcher (Lips. 1774); Sixt (Altd. 1785); and in German by Kern (Gott. 1786) • Bahor (Vienna, 1789) ; also the Christ. Rev. 1849, p. 285 ; Journ. of Sue. Lit. April, 1857; Presh. Quar. Rev. April, 1861.
2. (Heb. Shiloh', nbd [Josh, xviii, 1, 8, 9, 10; xix, 51 ; xxi, 2 ; xxii, 9, 12 ; Judg. xviii, 81 ; xxi, 12 ; 1 Sam. i, 3, 9 ; ii, 14 ; iii, 21 ; iv, 3, 4, 12 ; xiv, 3 ; 1 Kings xiv, 2, 4; Jer. xxvi, 6], or n'S^ty [1 Kings ii, 27]; also Shilo', ibd [Judg. xxi, 19; 1 Sam. i, 24 ; iii, 21 ; Psa. Ixxvii, 60; Jer. vii, 14; xxvi, 9; xli, 5], or ib'^'C [Judg. xxi, 21 ; Jer. vii, 12] ; and perhaps also Shi- lori', "pp^^ [which does not occur], whence the gentile Shilonite [q. v. ], ''2'b^'l!J [1 Kings xi, 29 ; xii, 15] ; in the Sept. usually SiiXio or S?;X(.'))U, v. r. 'Sa\(op, 2aX»}/4 ; Jo- sephus, 2(\"w [Anf. viii, 7, 7; 11, 1 ; ^iXovv, v, 1, 19; 2, 9] ; S/jXw [v, 2, 12] ; Vulg. Silo, and more rarely Selo), a town or village in the tribe of Ephraim, interesting for its sacred associations, and regarded by many as in- dicated in the blessing of the dying Jacob (Gen. xlix, 10). See the preceding article. The name was derived probably from n?"i\ "ibz", " to rest," and represented the idea that tlie nation attained at this place to a state of rest, or that the Lord himself would here rest among his people. Taanath- shiloh (q. v.) may be another name of the same place, or of a ditt'ereiit place near it, through which it was customary to pass on the way to Shiloh, as the obscure etymology may indicate. See also Kurtz, Gesch. des A. Buml. ii, 569. See Ephraim, Tribe of.
Shiloh was one of the earliest and most; sacred of the Hebrew sanctuaries. The ark of the covenant, which had been kept at Gilgal during the progress of the conquest (Josh, xviii, 1 sq. ), was removed thence on the subjugation of the country, and kept at Shiloh from
SHILOH
682
SHILOH
Seiluu, from the south. (From a photograph by the Editor.)
the last days of Joshua to the time of Samuel (ver. 10 ; Jiidg. xviii. 31 ; 1 Sam. iv, 3). It was here the Hebrew conqueror divided among the tribes the por- tion of the west .lonhin-region, which had not been already allotted (.Josh, xviii, 10; xix. 51). In this dis- tribution, or an earlier one, Sliiloh fell within the limits of Ephraim (xvi, 5). The seizure here of the "daugh- ters of Shiloh" by the Benjamites is recorded as an event which preserved one of the tribes from extinc- tion (.ludg. XXI, 19-23). The "annual feast of the Lord" was observed at Shiloli, and on one of these oc- casions the men lay in wait in the vineyards, and when the women went forth " to dance in dances," the men took them captive and carried them home as wives. Here Eli judged Israel, and at last died of grief on hearing that the ark of the Lord was taken by the enemy (1 Sam. iv, 12-18). The story of Hannah and her vow, which belongs to our recollections of Shi- loh, transmits to us a characteristic incident in the life of the Hebrews (i, l,etc. ); Samuel, the child of her prayers and hopes, was here brought up in the sanctu- ary, and called to the pn)phetic office (ii, 2(! ; iii, 1). The ungodly conduct of the sons of I'^i occasioned the loss of the ark of the covenant, which had been carried into battle against the Philistines, and Sliiloh from that time sank into insignificance. It stands forth in the Jewish history as a striking example of the divine in- dignation. "Go ye now," says the prophet, " unto my place which was in Shiloh, where I set my name at the first, and see what I did to it, for the wickedness of my |)eo|)le Israel" (Jer. vii, 12). Some have inferred from Judg. xviii, 31 (comi). I'sa. Ixxviii. (>(» scj.) that a permanent structure or temple had been built for the tabernacle at .Shiloh, and that it contiiuied there (as it were nine nmnine) for a long time after the tabernacle was removed to other places. Hut the language in 2 Sam. vii, 6 is too ex[ilirit to admit of that conclusion. God says there to David, through the mouth of Nathan the prophet,"! have not ihvelr in any lioiise since the time that I briMight up the children of Israel out of Egypt, even to this day, but have walked in a tent and in a tabernacle." So in I Kings iii, 2, it is said express- ly that no "house" had been built for the worship of God till (he erection of Solomon's Temple at .lerusalem. It must lie in a spiritual sense, therefore, that the taber- nacle is called a " house" or " temfde" in lliose |)assages which refer to Shiloh. God is said to dwell where he