Shower is the rendering in the A.A^ of ClIJS, ge- shem (Ezek. xiii, 11, 13; xxxiv, 26), a heavy rain (as elsewhere rendered) ; bfijipoQ (Luke xii, 64); D"^T, ze- re.m (Job xxiv, 8), a pouring rain (elsewhere " storm," "tempest," etc.); and 0^2^3*1, rehibim (from their mul- titude), di-ops (Deut. xxxii, 2 ; Psa. Ixv, 10 ; Ixxii, 7 ; Jer. iii, 3; xiv, 2; Mic. v, 7). See Rain.
Shower, John, an eminent Dissenting minister, was born at Exeter, England, in 1657, and received his early education at that place. At the age of f()urteen he removed to the academy of Mr. Warren, at Taunton, and some time after was placed under the care of Mr. Morton, Newington-green, London. He preached his rtrst sermon in his twentieth year; and in 1678, when an evening lecture against popery was established in P2x- change Alley, he was one of the lecturers. In the fol- lowing year he was privately ordained, and chosen as- sistant to Jlr. Vincent Alsop. In 1683 he travelled on the Gontinent with Mr. Cornish, the nephew of Sir Sam- uel Barnardiston, where he became acquainted with many Protestant divines. Returning to England, he resumed his lectures in Exchange Alley, but, owing to measures pursued by James II, he retired to Holland, where he was chos<;ii evening lecturer to the English Church. Returning to London in 1690, he labored with Mr. Howe, but soon took charge of a Church in OKI .Jewry, which, under his labors, greatly prospered. He died June 2H, 171.i. He pul>lished, Mourner's Coiii- /)«nM>M(16'J2,16'.»l», r2mo): — Fumi/i/ Jfelir/ion (Lon(1.1694, 8vo) : — Funeral JHsrourses (1600, 2 vols. 12mo) : — Seri- ous Ifefiectious on Time and Fternity (1690, 8\-o), of which there are many editions: — Heaven andl/ell (17()(), ]2mo): — S(ia-ament(d DUcourses (1702, 8vo) : — Winter Meditations (1700, 8vo). See Tong | \\'m.], Memnirs and Funend .Sermon (1716, 8vo) ; Bennett, JJist. of J)is- senters (Lond. 1833), ii, 331.
Shreeve, RiciiAun S., a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, was born in Alexandria (Joun- ty, Va., Oct. h, 1839. He was graduated at Dickinson College, Carlisle. Pa., in 1H60. He entered the Confed- erate arm*', serving from the beginning of the war till
its close. In March, 1869, he was admitted into the Baltimore Conference. In 1871 he located, with the intention of residing in Kentucky, but was induced to remain, and the next year was readmitted. He, with his wife, was killed by lightning at the parsonage of Upper Botetourt, Va., June 25, 1874. See Minutes of Annufd Conferences of the M. E. Ch., South, 1875, p. 137.
Shri Rama. See Vishnu.
Shrift, the act of absolving a penitent. See Con- fessional.
Shrift -father, the priest to whom confession is made.
Shrift-hand, the priest's right hand — that is, the hand used in shriving a penitent.
Shrift-mark. See Shkift-sign. Shrift-sign, the sign of the cross used by the priest in shriving a penitent.
Shrine {raog, Acts xix, 24, a temple, as elsewhere rendered), a miniature copy of tlie Tem|ile of Diana at P>phesus containing a small image of the goddess. See Diana.
SHRINE {l^ni. srrimvm), a feretory or repository for relics, whether fixed, such as a tomb, or movable. The term is also sometimes ap]>lied to the tomb of a person not canonized. Shrines were often made of the most splendid and costly materials, and enriched with jewelry in profusion, as that of St. Taurin at Ev- reux, in Normandy. Those which were movable were, on certain occasions, carried in religions processions : they were arranged above and behind the altar, on rood or other beams, and lamps were suspended before or arotmd them. Others were substantial erections, generally the tombs of saints, as that of Edward the Confessor in Westminster Abbey, and that of St. Cuth- bert, formerly in Durham Cathedral, etc. These were not uufrequently rebuilt (with additional splendor) subsequently to their tirst erection.— Parker, (Jloss. of A rchitecture.
Shrine at Ely Cathedral.
Shrine-clerk, or Shrine-keeper, is the official in a church who receives the voluntary oblations of the faithful. At the great and most noted shrines of saints the shrine-clerk sat at a table near, or sometimes at, a tomb, the slab of which served as such, to accept the donations of the pilgrims.
Shrine-cloth, the curtain hanging before a shrine; someliiiies called shrine-reil.
Shrine-keeper. See Siikini;-c'i.ki{K,
Shrine-man, a name by which the shrine-cktf: was sometimes called.
Shrine-veil, See Siiimnk-ci.oth.
Shrive (Saxon, sn-ifan). 1. To absolve a penitent after jirivate confession, 2. To take or receive a con- fession. 3. To enjoin or impose a penance after con- fession. The word is now nearly obsolete,
Shriver, or Shriving-clerk, a cotfessor.
Shriviug-baud, that hand by which the sign of
SHRIVING-MARK
713
SHUAL
the cross is made by the priest over the penitent in pro- nouncing absolution, i. e. the right hand. Also called Shrifi-hand and Shrove-haud.
Shriving Mark or Sign, the sign of the cross made by the priest with his right hand when giving absolution. Also called iShrifl-murk and Shrove-sign.
Shriving-pevr, a term sometimes applied to the confessional (q. v.).
Ancient Shriviug-pew at Taufleld, near Ripon, Yorkshire.
Shroud is the rendering of the A. V. in Ezek. xxxi,
3, of C'^n, churesh, a thicket ("forest," 2 Chron. xxvii, 4; "bough," Isa. xvii, 9; elsewhere " wood"3.
SHROUD, Feast of the Most Holy, a sacred fes- tival of the Roman Catholic Church, held on the Friday after the second Sunday in Lent, in honor of the shroud in which our Lord was buried. Relies bearing the name of the shroud of our Blessed Lord are found in various places in Italy, France, and (lermany. all of which are alleged to work miracles. To the altar of the Most Holj' Shroud at Besan(;on, Gregory XHI granted ex- traordinary privileges, with indulgences to all who visit the same on stated days. Pope Julius 11 was equally liberal in his grants to the Chapel of the Most Holy Shnmd at Turin. There is a hymn to the shnmd in the Anglican Breviary, which celebrates it as bearing tlie impression of the body of our Saviour. — Gardner, Faiths of the World, s. v.