The two principal harbors, which at first seem to have been united in one, were at the extremity of the penin- sula: they were closed, and together contained a sur- face of nearly 500 yards by 200. Besides these, the principal water-gate on the north-west side was con- nected with two small ()iers 150 feet long, so that it is plain that vessels used to lie here to discharge their cargoes. The accoinit which Livy gives of the sea-fight with Antiochus, above referred to, also shows that shel- ter could also be found on the other (or south-east) side of the peninsula whenever a strong west wind was blowing.
The country by which Side is backed is a broad swampy plain, stretching out for some miles beyond the belt of sand-hills which fringe the sea-shore. Low hills succeed, and behind these, far inland, are the mountains which, at Mount Climax, forty miles to the west, and again about the same distance to the east, come down to the coast. These mountains were the habitation of the Pisidians, against whom Antiochus, in the spring of B.C. 192, made an expedition; and as Side was in the interest of Antiochus until, at the conclusion of the war, it passed into the hands of the Romans, it is rea- sonable to presume that hostility was the normal re- lation between its inhabitants and the highlanders, to whom they were probably objects of tlie same jealousy that t!ie Spanish settlements on tiie African seaboard inspire in the Kabyles round about them. This would not prevent a large amount of traffic, to the mutual in- terest of both parties, but would hinder the people of Side from extending their sway into the interior, and also render the construction of effective fortilications on the land side a necessity. (Strabo, xii, xiv; Livy, xxxv, xxxvii ; Cicero, Epp. ad Fiim. iii, G.) — Smith. See Fellows, Asia Minor, p. 201; Leake, Asia Minur, p. 195 ; Beaufort, Karamaniu, p. 14G sq.
Sideromancy (rriSrjpoc, iron, and fiavnia, divi- nation), a mode of divination anciently practiced by placing straws on red-hot iron, and drawing inferences as to the will of the gods from the manner of their burning. See Divination.
Sidesmen (properly synod^s-men ; also called quest-
vien). It was usual for bishops in their visitations to sum- mon some credible persons out of every parish, whom they examined on oath concerning the condition of the Church. Afterwards, these persons became standing of- ficers, especially in the great cities; and when personal visitations were a little disused, and when it became the custom for the parishioners to repair the bod}' of the church (about the 15th century), these officers were still more necessary. They are cliosen every year, accord- ing to the custom of the place, and their business is to as- sist the church-wardens in things relating to the church, and to make presentment of such matters as are punish- able b}' the ecclesiastical laws. Hence they are called questmen. The whole office now generally devolves upon the church-wartlens. Sithcondmen and silkcundmeii were old English terms for sidesmen. See Hook, Church Diet. s. v.
Sidgrani, in Norse mvthologv, was a surname of Odin.
Sidha, in Hindii mythology, designates a large class of good and strikingly beautiful genii. The latter qual- ity is indicated by the name.
Sidharta, the name of Gotama (q. v.) before he be- came a Buddha. For interesting tratlitions concerning Sidharta, see Hardy, Eastern Monachism,^.'2,%oi ,'211, 325.
Sidhoete, in Norse mythology, was a surname of Odin, derived from a hat descending low over the fore- head, in which he was accustomed to conceal his face when associating with men.
Sidney, Maky, countess of Pembroke, was the sis- ter of Sir Philip Si<iney, and married Henry, earl of Pembroke, in 1576. She died in London, Sept. 25, 1601, The countess possesse<l a talent for poetical composition, and translated from the Hebrew many of the Psalms, said to be preserved in the library at Wilton, and in this was assisted by her brother. She also translated (from the French of P. Mornay) and published A Dis- course of Life and Death (Wilton, 1590 ; Lond. 1600, 12mo). She wrote an Elefjy on her brother: — A Pas- toral Dialogue in Praise of Astrma (i.e. queen Eliza- beth [1602]): — and a poem. Our Saciour's Passion (Sloanian MS. No. 1303, British Museum).
Si'don (l"t^(oi'), the Greek form (2 Esdr. i, 11 ; .Ju- dith ii,28; 1 Mace, v, 15; Matt, xi, 21,22; xv,21 ; Mark iii, 8; vii, 24, 31; Luke iv, 26; vi, 17; x, 13, 14; Acts xii. 20; xxviii, 3) of the city called in the Heb. (but in the A. V. " Sidon," also in Gen. x, 15, 19) ZiuoN (q. v.), or rather Tsidon.
Sido'nian (Sf^wj'iot), the Greek form of the gentile ZiDONiAN (q. v.), usually so exhibited in the A. V. of the Old Test, (Dent, iii, 9 ; Josh, xiii, 4, 6 ; Judg. iii, 3 ; 1 Kings V, 6).
Sidonius, Caius Sollius, Apoli.inaris Modks- TUs, a learned ecclesiastic, was born probably in Lyons about 431. He was educated with care, and became very skilful in all parts of literature, especially in poet- ry. He married Pampianilla, the daughter of Avitus, afterwards emperor. When the city of Lyons was tak- en by Majorian, the latter treated Sidonius with great consideration, and in return for his lenient treatment he wrote a poem in honor of Majorian, by whom he was created a count and sent to govern the Gallic province of Aries. He also erected a statue to Sidonius in the city of Rome. In 467 he went to Rome as ambassador of the Arverni, and so pleased the reigning emperor, An- themius, by a panegyric on him, as to be made governor of the city and honored with a second statue. In 472 he was chosen bishop of Clermont (Avernum), and though only a layman, fulfilled his duties faitlifuUy and strenuously opposed Arianism. He died in 487. Of his works, nine books of Epislle.f, with about twenty-four po- ems interspersed, are still extant. They were published in Jlilan (1498) and Paris (1614); republished by Labbe in 1652 (the best edition). See Chalmers, Z/wy.M'c^s. v.