Silverius, Sr., and pope in 53G-37. He was a son of pope Ilormisdas. who had been married before he be- came a priest, and prior to his elevarion to the papacy was a subdeacon. That elevation was caused by Theo- datiis, the (Jot hie king, who was involved in ilisputes with .lustinian, and would not consent that a candidate who favored the emperor should be contirmcd. It is said, however, that .Silverius added bribes to the other mo-
SILVERLING
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SIMEON
tives which influenced the king. The imperial general Belisarius soon afterwards degraded the new poi)e on the charge of treason, and sent hira to Patara, in Lycia. Vigilius became his successor. Silverius succeeded in returning to Italy, but was delivered up to Vigilius l)y Belisarius, and sent to the island of I'almaria, where he soon afterwards died. He was canonized by the Kom- ish Church, and is commemorated June 20. — Herzog, Real- Encyklop. s. v,
Silverliiig (w]D3, heseph, i. e. silrer, as elsewhere rendered; Sept. tri/cXoc; Vulg. uryenteus, i.e.sidus un- derstood), a word used once only in the A. V. (Isa. vii, 23) to signifj- apiece uf silver (q. v.). In this sense it exactly corresponds with the Greek apyvpiov, which was used, however, for the /j«{/'shekel, or denarius.
Silvester. See Sylvester,
Silvestro de' Gozzoi.ini, founder of the Order of Silvestriaus, was born in 1177 at Osimo, where he be- came canon and religious teacher. In 1227 he retired to a desert in the neighborhood, where he practiced rigid austerities, and in 1231 laid the foundation of the order named after him and placed it under the rule of St. Benedict. Pope Innocent IV approved it in 1248, and assigned Silvestro a house at Rome, which still ex- ists. He died at Fabiano, Nov. 2G, 12C7. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Geuerale, s. v.
Sim, William Rondan, a Presbyterian minister, was born in (iolconda, 111., Nov. 25, 1831. He graduated at Hanover College, Hanover, Ind., Aug. 9, 1854, and at Danville Theological Seminar}' in 1857, was licensed to preach in the autumn of the same j'ear, and in 1858 was ordained by Kaskaskia Presbytery and installed pastor of the congregations of .Jordan (irove and Lively Prai- rie, 111. In October, 1860, he took charge of the Church in Golconda, where he remained until his death, July 7, 1864. Mr. Sim was a pure-minded Christian, charac- terized by a very remarkable degree of refinement, in thought, expression, and deportment. See Wilson, Fresh. Hist. A Imanuc, 1865, p. 120. (J. L. S.)
Simalcu'e (St^junXKOu?) v. r. Ei'/^aX/coua/, etc.; Vulg. Einulchuel, Mulchus; Josephus, MaX;^oc, Ant. xiii, 5, 1 ; comp. xiv, 14, 1; War, i, 14, 1), an Arabian chief who had charge of Antiochus, the young son of Alexander Balas, before he was put forward by Tryphon as a claimant to the Sj'rian throne (1 Mace, xi, 39). Ac- cording to Diodorus {Edog. xxxii, 1) the name of the chief was Diodes, though in another place {Froff. xxi, Mi'iUer) he calls him Jamblichus. The name evidently contains the element melek, "king," but the original form is uncertain (comp. Grotius and Grimm on 1 Mucc. loc. cit). — Smith.
Siman ("'Q'^p), like the Greek (rrjfiflov, nif^a, a sign or a s3'mbol, denotes among the Masorites :
1. A chapter of a book or the number of a psalm. In the Pentateuch neither book nor chapter is quoted, but always the section, which is called niTIB, or "ITD and NITD. Thus the Mdsoru Finulis on Jl?N3 remarks: U:"i-l 3"'iX1 x": p-'D rT^721i2 ^0725 ■|in"i3'2iD1 3 1 ^ ")"0^D, i.e. "it occurs three times, and "the passages are found in Jer. li, and in Job at the beginning of ch. xvi." On D^nbx ^323 the Masorah remarks: t'b •,'2'^0 d^bnn 10^3 ■,in"':'a"'D1 n, i. e. " it occurs four times, and the passages are quoted in Psa. Ivi." On n^nbs n72X it is remarked, 10^:3 'iini3'QiD1 1 ri"^!rX"i3 nC^S^, i. e. "it occurs six times, and the passages are quoted in the section Bereshith'" [i. e. Gen. i, 1-6, 8. By comparing the Masoretic note in the Ptab- binic Bible, it will be found that the passages are quoted at the beginning of the tliird chapter, since the phrase DTlbx "ICX occurs here for the first time].
2. It denotes passages, examples, which are quoted in order to contirra the Masoretic notes.
3. It is used as a symbol or mnemotechnicil sign. Thus when a word occurs three times, four times, etc., as often as it occurs a corresponding symbol, which is generally of a very artificial character, is given. Thus the Masora Fiin-d remarks on npi (Gen. xviii, 4), ''M2 'i'2'iD'l 3 N3T1D N"i33n, i. e. " it occurs three times, and the sym- bol is ' the water of the mighty, iron.' " Now each of tliese three words represents a symbol, signifying the passage in which the word Plpi occurs. Thus '^^^>2, "water," is the symbol of the passage in which we read U"^^ '^'J-O N3 npi, "let a little water be fetched" (ver. 4). Tlie second word, XiSJT "of the mighty," refers to the passage llp'^ ~i"i::3 "^SO C3, "even the captivity of the mighty shall be taken away" (Isa. xlix, 25). The third word, xbTIB, "iron," refers to bT"i3 np"! ~iS"^, "iron is taken out of the earth" (Job xxviii, 2). In the same verse the Masorah remarks on ■llin-n, "and wash," N"i2T Xin:."! N-^TD 'iD1 5,i.e."it occurs three times, and its sj'mbol is ' the waters of the servant are clean.'" The first word, N'^73, " the waters," refers to that verse in which before "ismi is read a'''2 [i. e. in the same verse] ; the second word, Sn3"1, " of the servant," refers to D^l-", "your servant," which occurs in (ien, xix, 2. The third word, X^D^, "clean," refers to Isa. i, 16, ^Z^T\ ixni, "wash you, make you clean."