SLEEP
807
SLEIDAN
Test, now in circulation has the title Navjas Tesfn- mentas miisu Wieszpaiiis ir Iszganytojo lezaus Kiislaus i sietuwiszk(ije Kulbii iszwerstas. Up to March 30, 1878, the British and Foreiirn Bible Society had distributed 13,000 Bibles and 53,111 New Tests, with the Psalms.
14. Samogitian Version (q. v.).
See The Bible of Every Land; Dalton, Das Gehet des Herrn in den Sprachen Russlands ; but more especially the Annual Reports of the British and Foreign Bible Society. (B. 1'.)
Sleep (properly 'j11|'', Ka^tvSio) is taken in Script- ure either (1) for the sleep or repose of the body (Jonah i, 5, 6 ; Psa. iv, 8) or (2) the sleep of the soul, i. e. su- pineness, indolence, or stupid inactivity of the wiclted (Rom. xiii, 11, 12 ; Eph. v, 14 ; 1 Cor. xv, 34), whose "damnation slumbereth not" (2 Pet. ii, 8) ; or (3) for the sleep of death (Jer. li, 39 ; Dan. xii, 2 ; John xi, 11 ; 1 Cor. XV, 51 ; 1 Thess. iv, 13, 14). See Dkath.
The early Christians looked npon the death of the body as a sleep from which they should awake to in- herit glory everlasting. In the (ireek word cemetery, signifying a sleeping - place, applied by them to the tomb, there is a manifest sense of hope and immortal- ity, the result of Christianity. In the catacombs of Rome, where multitudes of the early Christians rest in hope, among the inscriptions may be read, in a Latin dress, " Victorina Sleeps ;" " Zoticus laid here to Sleep;" "The Sleeping -place of Elpis ;" " Gemella sleeps in Peace." Emblems of their sure and certain hope of a resurrection abound; such as a vessel support- ing a burning Hame, and the palm branch and wreath ; signifying victory over death. See Inscriptions.
The manner of sleeping in Eastern climates is very different from that in colder regions. The present usages appear to be the same as those of the ancient Jews. Beds of feathers are altogether unknown, and the Orientals generally lie exceedingly hard. Poor people who have no certain home, or when on a jour- ney, or employed at a distance from their dwellings, sleep on mats, or wrapped in their outer garment, which from its importance in this respect was forbidden to be retained in pledge over night (D'Arvieux, iii, 257 ; Gen. ix, 21, 23; Exod. xxii, 26, 27; Deut. xxiv, 12, 13). Under peculiar circumstances a stone covered with some folded clntli or piece of dress is often used for a pillow (Gen. xxviii, 11). The wealthy classes sleep on mat- tresses stuffed with wool or cotton, which are often no other than a quilt thickly padded, and are used either singly or one or more placed upon each other. A sim- ilar quilt of finer materials forms the coverlet in winter, and in summer a thin blanket suffices; but sometimes the convenient outer garment is used for the latter pur- pose, and was so among tlie Jews, as we learn from 1 Sam. xix, 13, where Michal covers with a cloak or man- tle (corresponding to the modern cibha or fiyJc) the im- age which was to represent her husband sleeping. See Bolster. The difference of use here is, that tlie poor v7-ap themselvp.i )ip in it, and it forms their whole bed ; ■whereas the rich employ it as a covering only. A pil- low is placed upon the mattress, and over both, in good houses, is laid a sheet. The bolsters are more valuable than the mattresses, both in respect of their coverings and material. They are usually stuffed with cotton or other soft substance (Ezek. xiii, 18, 20) ; but instead of these, skins of goats or sheep appear to have been formerly used by the poorer classes and in the hardier ages. These skins were probably sewed up in the nat- ural shape, like water-skins, and stuffed with chaff or wool (1 Sam. xix, 13). See Pillow.
It is evident that the ancient Jewe, like the modern inhabitants of their land, seldom or never changed their dress on going to bed. Most people only divest them- selves of their outer garment, and loosen the ligatures of the waist, excepting during the hottest part of the Bummer, when they sleep almost entirely unclad. See Couch.
As the floors of the better sort of Eastern houses were of tile or plaster and were covered with mats or carpets, and as shoes were not worn on them, and the feet were washed, and no filthy habits of modern times prevailed, their floors seldom required sweeping or scrubbing ; so that frequently the thick, coarse mat- tresses were thrown down at night to sleep upon (Hackett, Illiist. of Script, p. 104). See Bkdchambkr. The poorer people used skins for the same purpose, and frequently they had but a simple mattress, or a cloak, or a blanket, which probably also answered to wrap themselves in by day (Exod. xxii, 2G, 27; Deut. xxiv, 12, 13). Hence it was easy for the persons whom Jesus healed "to take up their beds and walk" (Matt, ix, 6; Mark ii, 9 ; John v, 8), See Bkdstead.
To be tormented in bed, where men seek rest, is a symbol of great tribulation and anguish of body and mind (Job xxxiii, 19; Psa. xli, 3 ; Isa. xxviii, 20). See Bed.