Smalley, John, D.D., a Congregational minister, was born in Lebanon, Conn., June 4, 1734; graduatecl at Yale College in 1756 ; studied theology under the Rev. Joseph Bellamy ; was ordained pastor of the New Britain Society, Berlin, Conn., April 19, 1758; and died June 1, 1820. He was a distinguished theologian, and 'a faithful and successful preacher. He published. Ser- mons on Natural and Moral Inability (1769) : — Etenuil Salvation not a Just Debt (1785), against John Murray : — Concio ad Clerwn: At the Election (1800): — Sermons on Connected Subjects (1803): — Serjuons (1814). See Sprague, Annals of the Amer. Pulpit, i, 559.
Smalridge, George, a learned English prelate, was born in Lichfield, Staffordshire, in 1663. He was sent to Westminster School in 1678 by Ashmole, the celebrated antiquary. In May, 1682, he was elected to Christ Church, Oxford, where, having taken his degree of B.A., he became tutor. In July, 1689, he entered holy orders, and about 1692 was appointed minister of Tothill Fields Chapel. In 1693 he was collated to a prebend in the cathedral of Lichfield. He was chosen lecturer of St. Dunstan's in the West, London, in 1708, which he resigned in 1711, when he was made one of the canons of Christ Church, and succeeded Atterbury in the deanery of Carlisle, as he did likewise in the deanery of Clirist Church in 1713. In 1714 he was consecrated bishop of Bristol, and queen Anne soon after appointed him her lord-almoner, in which capacity he for some time served her successor, (ieorge I. Refusing to sign the declaration which the archbishop of Canter- bury and the bishops in and about London had drawn up against the rebellion in 1715, he was removed from that place. He soon regained the favor of the princess of Wales, afterwariis queen Caroline, who was his patron mitil his death, in 1719. He published, Animadvei-sions on the Eight Theses, etc., in 1687, having for its full title Church Goveiiunent, Part V, a Relation of the English Reformation, etc.: — Actio Darisiana (1689, 4to) : — Twelve Sermons (1717, 8vo). Also Sixty Sermons pidj- lished bv his widow (1726 fol. ; 2d ed. 1727; new ed. Oxf. 1832, 2 vols. 8vo). See Allibone, Diet, of Brit, and A mer. A uthors, s. v. ; Darling, Cyclop. Bibliog. s. v. ; Chalmers, Biog. Diet. s. v.
Smaltz, John H., a Presbyterian minister, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 17, 1793. He enjoyed the advantages of an early religious training; gradu- ated at Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J.; studied theology in the seminary in that place; was licensed by the Classis of New Brunswick, May 27, 1819; en- tered upon his work as a missionary in New .Jersey, and for three years performed the toilsome duties of his call- ing. In 1822 he coinicctetl himself with the Presbyte- rian Church; was ordaineii by the Philadelphia Second Presbytery over the Third Presliyterian Church, Balti- more, 51(1., and subsequently was settled in German- town, Pa.; Frederick City, Rid.; Trenton, N. J.; and Harrisburg, Pa. He died July 30, 1861. Mr. Smaltz was
SMARA
812
SMERNITZA
a plain, practical preacher, ami conscientious in the dis- charjje of nil his iliilii-s. S«.'o \Vilst)n, J'rtsb. IlUt. Al- tnanitr, l.><(jJ, p. IIX. (J. L. S.)
Smara, in Hindu niyllmlo^y, is a surname of the l«ivo-i;i><l. KiiiiiiuUcu, See Kama.
Smaragdus, the name of ^veral monkish writers in the .MiiUllf Ai^os.
1. An ablxit of the Convent of St. Michael, in the di- ocese of Verdmi, who was one of the mo.st learned of Franki^h theologians in the Cnrlovingian period. He stooil hi^li in the reirard of the emiieror C'liarleniajrne, as appears from the fact that in A.D. 810 lie was asso- cialetl with a commission to convey to i)o|)c Loo HI the decisions of the Synod of Aix-la-(_'liapellc of 809 with re;jard to the FUiique dis|)ute. and served as its secre- tary (comp. the record from iiis pen entitleil Actii Colln- tiiiuu liiiimiiur. in liaronius, .1 nn. ad aiin. 809, No. 54-G3 ; Labhe, Coll. Condi, torn, vii; and in Mii^ne's complete cd. of Smarafjdns [I'aris 18.")2], p. 971 s([.). Louis the I'ious also esteemed .Smaraf^ilus liij^hly, and not only yave donations and immunities to .St. Michael's Con- vent (see the C/iurtie l.uiloriri . . , ef l.tillmrii . . . pro Mowul. S. M U-lmi'lU, m IJaluz.e, MUi-ell. lib. iv, and Mi;;ne, p. 975 sij.), but also constituted him one of the arbitrators in the tpiarrel of the abbot Ismund of Milan with his monks (see the EpUt. ml Litiloi: A lu/iist. in Ou- chesne, •Script. Rtr, Franc, ii, 71 sij.). The year of Sma- ra;;'lus'» death is not known, tlmuiih he does not seem to liave outlived tlie kin^. Louis the I'ious. His writiiii^s, now very largely accessible in Mii^ue, as above, give evidence of considerable familiarity with patristical lore and of a pious and practical mind, somewhat iuHu- enced by the healthful and sober tendency of the Frank- iah-(ierman theology of ilie time. There is, however, no sign of originality in them. His principal exegeti- cal work— the (.'nnwwnl. .*. Collect, in Krtintjel. et Kjiist. etc. (1st ed. Strasburg. 1594)— is a mere C(mipilation, without other method than the mere concatenation of opinions expre.ssed by older writers, and witlKuit a defi- nite ailhesion to either historico-grammatical interpre- tation or excessive allegorizing. His second important work — Krposilio s. tjommi-nl. in Riij. S. Jiemd. — is more indepenileiit. In it .Smaragdus appears as a supporter of the strict principles of monastic reform adv<K;atcd by his contcm|«irary IJenedict of .Vniane. A similar tendency U displayed in /fimlenut .Wonnchnrnm, a collection of ascetic rules for the government of .ni(Uiks, compiled from the Church fathers. The \'i<i Iteijia is essentially an extract from ilie last-mentioned work. The above, with others of minor importance, are priiiieil in Migiif; and. together with certain uuprinted manuscripts (con-