latter. Sevechus reigned twelve years, according to Manetho, fourteen according to Syncellus. This name, in Egyptian Sebech, is also that of the god Saturn (ChampoUion, Panth. Egypt. No. 21, 22; Winer, Real- Worterh. s. v. ; Gesenius, Comment, in Jes. i, 696). — Kit- to. See Egypt.
The accession of Teharka, the Tirhakah of Scripture, may be nearly fixed on the evidence of an Apis-tablet, which states that one of the bulls Apis was born in his twenty-sixth year, and died at the end of the twentieth of Psammetichus I. This bull lived more than twenty years, and the longest age of any Apis stated is twenty- six. Supposing the latter duration, which would allow a short interval between Teharka and Psammetichus II, as seems necessary, the accession of Teharka would be B.C. 695. If we assign twenty-four years to the two predecessors, the commencement of the dynasty would be B.C. 719. But it is not certain that their reigns were continuous. The account which Herodotus gives of the war of Sennacherib and Sethos suggests that Tirhakah was not ruling in Egypt at the time of the destruction of the Assyrian army, so that we may either conjecture, as Dr. Hincks has done, that the reign of Sethos followed that of Shebetek and preceded that of Tirhakah over Egypt (Journ. Sac. Lit. Jan. 1853), or else that Tirha- kah was king of Ethiopia while Shebetek, not the same as Sethos, ruled in Egypt, the former hypothesis being far the more probable. It seems impossible to arrive at any positive conclusion as to the dates to which the mentions in the Bible of So and Tirhakah refer, but it must be remarked that it is difficult to overthrow the date of B.C. 721 for the taking of Samaria. If we adopt the earlier dates. So must correspond to Shebek; if the later, perhaps to Shebetek ; but if it should be found that the reign of Tirhakah is dated too high, the former identification might still be held. The name Shebek is nearer to the Hebrew name than Shebetek ; and if the Masojetic points do not faithfully represent the original pronunciation, as we might almost infer from the con- sonants, and the natne was Sewa or Seva, it is not very remote from Shebek. We cannot account for the tran- scription of the Sept.
From Egyptian sources we know nothing more of Shebek than that he conquered and put to death Boc- choris, the sole king of the twenty-fourth dynasty, as we learn from Manctho's list, and that he continued the monumental works of the Egyptian kings. There is a long inscription at F^l-Karnak in which Shebek speaks of tributes from " the king of the land of Khala (Sha- ra)," supposed to be Syria (Brugsch, Hist. d'Egi/pte, i, 244). This gives some slight confirmation to the iden- tification of this king with So, and it is likely that the founder of a new dynasty would have endeavored, like Shishak and Psammetichus I, the latter virtually the founder of the twenty -sixth, to restore the Egyptian supremacy in the neighboring Asiatic countries. The standard inscription of Sargon in his palace at Khorsa- bad states, according to M. Oppert, that after the capt- ure of Samaria, Ilanon, king of Gaza, and Sebech, sultan of Egypt, met the king of Assyria in battle at Rapih, Raphia, and were defeated. Sebech disappeared, but Hanon was captured. Pharaoh, king of Egypt, was tlien put to tribute {Les 'inscriptions Assyriennes des Sargonides, etc. p. 22). This statement would appear to indicate that either Shebek or Shebetek, for we can- not lay great stress upon the seeming identity of name with the former, advanced to the support of Hoshea and his party, and being defeated fled into Ethiopia, leaving the kingdom of Egypt to a native prince. This evidence favors the idea tiiat the Ethiopian kings were not successive. — Smith. See Tikiiakaii.
In a room in the ruins of the palace of Sennacherib at Koyunjik, Mr. Layard found a piece of clay upon which was impressed" the signet of Sabak, or Sabaco, king of Egypt. On the same piece of clay is impressed an Assyrian seal, jmibably that of Sennacherib, with a device "representing a priest ministering before the king,
SOANEN"
840
SOAP
Seal ol So iiiiit s>«'iiiiaclR'iib. or perhaps the symliol of the higli contract ins;; parties. The oriicinal of this remarkahk' seal is now deposited in the British Museum. The Kj^yptian portion of it rejv resents Sahak as ahout to smite an enemy, perhaps in eacrilice to Aniun-Ua. witli a kind of mace. Above and iK'fore him are hieroj;lyphs, expressing,' .Xttr iifr nb ar r/i/ .Siihiik—'-tUc perfect uod, tlie lord who produces things ^ahak." IJehind liim, .</«« saiwh-kuf = "Vife Tollows his head." On the left edfje, ma nu «((^ = "I have fjiven to thee," This seal, impressed with the royal sijjnets of the two nionarchs, probably Sennache- rib and .Sahak, or So, ajuiears to have been athxed to a treatv between Assyria and Kjjypt and deposited among the archives of the kin^lom. As the two monarchs were undoiditedly contemporary, tliis |)iece of clay fur- nishes remarkable condrmatory evidence of the truth of tjcripture history. See I'iiakaoii.
Soanen, .Ikan, a French prelate, was born in Eiom, Jan. 6. I(i47, and entered the Congregation of the Ora- tory at I'aris in KitW. where he chose father Quesnel for his confessor. Leaving that establishment, he taught ethics and rhetoric in several provincial towns, and de- voted himself afterwards to the |)ul|iit, for which he had great talents. Having preached at Lyons, Orleans, and I'aris with applause, he was invited to court, preached there during Lent in ltW(> and U)88, and was appointed bishop of Senez soon after. Appealing from the bull I'liif/etii/us to a future council, and refusing to listen to any terms of accommodation on the subject, he pub- lisiied a I'li.iUiral Iiislrudion, giving an account to his diocewins of his conduct. This Ingtruction gave great oflfence, ami ticcasioned the famous Council of Embrun (1727). in which M. <le Tencin procured its condemna- tion as rash, wamlalous, etc., and the bishop to be sus- pendeil fr<m) all episcopal jurisdiction and ecclesiastical functions. After this council, JL Soanen was banished to I^a Chaise l>ieu, wiiere he died. Dec. 2.5, 1740. His writings are, J'onlornl Inxlrnrlvinx : — MdudtiIeK: — and i^llern. The I.ellers have been prinletl with his Life (<> vols, 4tn, or K vols. r2mo). His Stnnons were published in 17(>7 (2 vols. l2mo). See Chalmers, Bior/. Diet. s. v. ; H«K?fer, S'liiir. Hioi/. (,'eiienile, a. v.