of the conflicts the Christians were obliged to sustain against the Saracens. The work was tirst |)ublished anonymously, and was in time attributed, i)ut errone- ously, to the Dominican Bartholomew Spina (died 1546; see Zedler, Uninrsid- Lexikon) and others. For a thorough characterization of the work, see R. Simon, Bibliolh. Critique, par M. de Saingre, iii, 316-322; and comp. Bayle, JHctionnaire ; Zedler, Uvireisal-Lex- ikoii; Schrockh, Kirchengesch. xxx, 573 sq. ; xxxiv, 361 sq. — Herzog, Rtul-Eucykiop, s. v.
Spinckes, Nathaniet-, a Nonjurist divine, was born at Castor, Northamptonshire, England, in 1653 (or 1654). He received his tirst classical instruction from Rev. Mr. Morton, rector of Haddon, and was admit- ted to Trinity College, Cambridge, March 22, 1670. In- duced by the prospect of a Rustat scholarship, he entered Jesus College, Oct. 12, 1672, became A.B. in 1674, was ordained deacon May 21, 1676, was A.M. in 1677, and admitted into priest's orders Dec. 22, 1678. For some time he was chaplain to Sir Richard Edgecomb in Dev- onshire, and then removed to Petersham, where, in 1681, he was associated with Dr. Hickes as chaplain to the duke of Lauderdale. He was curate and lecturer of St. Stephen's, Walbrook, London, for two years (1683- 85), and in the latter year received from the dean and chapter of Peterborough the rectory of Peakirk or Pea- king-cum-Glynton. On July 21, 1687, he was made prebendary of Salisbnri', Northamptonshire ; in the same year (Sept. 24) instituted to the rectory of St. Mary's in that town ; and three days after was licensed to preach at Stratford-inider-Castrum. or Miden Castle, in M'ilfs, for which he had an annual stipend of £80. He was deprived of all his preferments for refusing to take the oaths to William and Mary. After this he was sup- ported by the gifts of the more wealthy Nonjurors, and was consecrated one of their bishops June 3, 1713. He died July 28, 1727. He assisted in the publication of Grabe's Septiuiffint, Newcourt's Rfjiertorivm, Howell's Canons, Potter's Clemens A lexandrimis, and Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy. His own works were, v4h An- sicer to the Essay towards a Proposal for Catholic Communion, etc. (1705) : — The New Pretenders to Proph- ecy Re-examined, etc. (1710): — two pamphlets against Hoadly's Measin-es of Submission (1711, 1712): — two pamphlets on The Case betveen the Church of Pome and the Church (f England (1714,1718): — two pamphlets against Restoring the Prayers and Directions of Edicard VPs Liturgy (1718). His most popular work was The Sick 31 an Visited (1712). See Chalmers, Biog. Diet. s. V.
Spindle ("iiia'^13, Hshor, literally director, \. e. of the spindle), the ticirl or lower part of the instrument used in giving motion to the whole (Prov. xxxi, 19). See Distaff. In Egypt spinning was a staple manu- facture, large quantities of yarn being exported to other countries, as, for instance, to Palestine in the time of Solomon. The spindles were generally of wood, and they increased their force in turning by having the cir- cular head made of gypsum or some species of compo- sition. In some instances the spindles appear to have been of a light plaited work, made of rushes or palm- leaves, stained of various colors, and furnished with a loop of the same materials for securing the yarn after it was wound. In Homer's pictures of domestic life, we find the lady of the mansion superintending the labor of her servants, and sometimes using the distaff herself. Her spindle, made of some precious material, richly or- namented, her beautiful work-basket, or rather vase, and the wool dyed of some bright hue to render it wor- thy of being touched bv aristocratic fingers, are ordina- ry accompaniments of a lady of rank, both in the Egyp- tian paintings and (irecian poems. This shows how appropriate was the present which the Egyptian queen Alcandra gave to the Spartan Helen, who was not less famous for her beauty than for her skill in embroider}-.
SPINIEXSIS
934
SPINOZA
the loop to put over the tM
Ancient Egyptian Spindles
Ht the elv of
n«:. 1 It » tnrt of cane split Ht the top to g'we it a (.'lobular shape; bead of eypsnni : 3, entirely of wood ; 4, of plaited or basket
2 has the
work ; 5,
riug of wood for securing the twine.
After Polybius had given his presents to Menelaus, who st(ip]iC(l at Kjrypt on his return from Tro}-, "Alc;iiidiii, Consort of liis lii<rh command, A froldfii di>Iaffgave to Helen's liand ; And that rich vase, with living; sculpture wrought, Which heaped with wool the beaiiieons Pliilo bronght, The hi I ken fleece empurpled for the loom, Rivalled the hyacinth in venial bloom" {Odijsaeii, TV). In the Kast the spindle is held in the hand, often per- pendicidarly, and is twirled with one hand, while the other draws out the thread (see Thomson, Lund and Jiook, ii, 572; Van Lenuep, Bible Lands, p. 565). See We.vve.
Spiniensis (Hetis),a Roman divinity of the fields, wax ImvoU..! to prevent the excessive spread of thorns.
Spinks, .Iamks, a minister of the Methodist Epis- cojial (linrcli. was born in I'enn, I'a., about 1822. When a youth be joined tlie Cburoli, and about lH4o went to Warsaw, Ind., and eii;;ai;ed in leadiiii)^ school. In 1851 he was licensed to preach, and was also admitted into the travelling' connection. In IH(!3 (54 he was superan- nuated, in l«t)5 efTective, in IKCC.-tW af^ain superannu- ated, in 18(;!l-72 eflFective, and, tinally, in 187.'5 superannu- ated. He died at (ireencasile, Ind., .June .SO, 1874. See Miiiiiltjf iif Aunudl CoiiJ'i'iencts. 1874, p. 94.