SPITZXER
900
SPOIL
and actions of those who aspired to rule the Church and of the ci>n>i*M|iu'in-i'.s wliich ri'suhi'd to tlie mass of the governed. He did not assume to determine what con- stitutes (.'hristianity, and he traced hack events to a source in the purposes of individuals; hut his peculiar attitude t;rew out of the opinion that Christianity is not an end, hut a remedial agency, as a means to secure the salvation of mankimi. the etticiency of which is im- paireil hv wliatever dci^ree of ii;norance and immorality may be eonnet-ted with its operation. He did not, how- ever, discover any positive improvement in history, and, more [larticidarly, in the history of the Church; nor yet. upon the whole, any deijeneration. hut simply a manifoldly uniform and constantly repeated world- Course. A posthumously puhlished series of Spittler's lectures, copied from siudents' notes, which deal with the papacy, nionasticism.the.lesuits, etc., is scarcely wor- thy of the author and of the suhjecls jiresented because «if the prevalent humor, often travestied imtil it becomes ribaldry. It is. however, to be remembered that they were the product of his earlier years, delivered while his character was not fully formed, and while he had his position to conquer by the siile of al)lc and famous jiro- fessors. In I7!I7 he was recalled to Stutticart and made privy-councillor. In that position the very breadth of view wliich he had cultivated, and which f;ave him so perfect an understandiiif^ of affairs, deprived him of the ability to make himself powerfully felt in the adminis- tration of the State. A further dis(pialitication grew out of the accession in the same year of a prince who soon after allied himself with Xapoleon, and who was not coiii-erned to jruard tlie '-tiood and ancient privileges" of W'tlrtemlieric. Nobility, titles, and mcilals could not replace what Spittler had lost in giving up his post at Gottingen. He dieii March 14,1810. Characterizations of Si)iitler have been furnished by Planck in the pref- ace to the 5th ed. of Spittler's Ki/c/ie/iffesch. (1812); Hugo, in CirilLituc/ii'f! Mai/iiz. iii, 48-2-5()8; Heeren, JlVr/f, vi, 515-534; Woltmann, Werke, xii, 31-2-.852; Dav. Strauss, in Haym's I'lums. Jahrhiichcr, 18()0, i, 124-150. See also 'piitter-Saalfeld. (UMtrtenrjesch. v. Gottiiujen, ii, 179-181 ; iii. 1 H;-122. Spittler's complete works have yet been publisheil only in jiart (1827-37, 15 vols.). — Herzog, Real-Eitcydirp. s. v.
Spitzner, Adam Benedict, a Protestant clergy- man i.K.. luiany, was born .Jan. 22. 17 17. and died at Lan- geureinsdnrf. near Zwickau, Oct, 4, 1793. He is the au- thor of. Iiliii .\iiii/f/ti((v Sdcrm Tcrtiis //fbniici Vet. Teat. ex .\v<nitilm.f (Lipsias, \HV.^): — DisqiiUitio Ciitica in Lorn ( 'mUcif S. Ili-hnpi, tnl Jl/ustnifiiiiii/n. Iihff A nil/. Unci: imjHi- Kilitie (ibid. 1770) ■.—Commentdtio Pliih>loi,i- cii de I'liniilheni Lihris .Sacrig \'et. et Nori Test. Accmn- tniiihilit (ibid. 177S) •.—/nsltluliones ad A tui/i/tiram Sti- crtim Texing llthrnin Vet. Textamenti er Accentihus.etc. (Halle, 17X(;;: — I'imlicia: Oriifiiiis et Aiictoritdti.i JJiri- tiir I'liuctoruin VoriiHiim et Arriiititum in l.ihiis Saci-in \'eteiii Tmtiimeiiti, tihi fnipiiniix eii liiliinntn?- (j/iite poxt Klitini f.eritmn Lndoiiviis Cnpillits in A rciino Pnnctii- tiiniin ejnitijne Vindiriis Ojipiisnit (Lipsia;. 1791). See ■Winer, llnndhnrh der thud. lAteriitni; i. 111, 118, 119; ii. ix.'i; I'llrst, ///W.yM,/. iii, 37.5. (H. P.)
Spizelius, Tiikoimiius, a Lutheran divine of C,cr- niauy, was born Sept. II, U;39. began his academical studies at I,<.ipMic in |ii.54, and took his A.M. in l<!.58. He afterwards, as was customary, visited other eminent instituii.insai Wittenberg, Leyden. Cologne, Mentz. and Jtasle. lU-f.irc c.mpleiiug his intended round of visita- tion, he was recaUcd in Hltll to Augsl)urg to be deacon of the Church of St. .lames. This nlHce he liiled till \Mi. when he was made its pastor, and in U\W was aj)- IH.ini.d <l<ler. He died Jan. 7, 1091. He wrote, he Ue /.ittnniii .Sinetiitiiim Conimentiirins (Leyden, IGliO. 12m<i): — .V(/r;7( liihliothenniim Hhmtrinm Arcimi lie- trrto.fire M.S.S. TI,<nl„,riron,m in J'nrrlpnls l-:n,<,,„v mUiiil/u-nn h'.xtinilinm /'<-.«///n((/i<(. etc. f Angshnrg. ICidH, 8vo):—Tfwp/iim Ihmoris himrtiluni, in qn<> Qninqna-
f/intn Illustrium hujiis Jflri Orthodoxoinim Theolofjnrum, etc. (ibid. I(i73, 4to) :— /'(-//.r JAtteratns (ibid. 1076):— Injilix l/itteratus (ibid. 1680) : — and Litter utus Felivis- simns. See Chalmers, Biog. Did. s, v.
Splay (old Fr. dis])loi/P7-), the expansion given to doorways, windows, and other openings in walls, etc., by slanting the sides. This mode of construction prevails in (iolhic architecture, es))e- cially on the insides of win- dows, but is very rarely, if ever, used in classical archi- tecture. The term is also ap- plied to other slanted or sloped
Splay.
surfaces, such as anitg, bevels, etc. — Parker, Gloss, of Ar- chitect, s. V.
Spodius, in Grecian mythology, was a surname of A]>ol/(i at Thebes.
Spohn, (ioTTiJKB Lebrkciit, a Protestant divine of (icrmany, was born at Kisleben, May 15, 1756. From 1788 to 1794 he was professor and prorector of the Dort- mund (iymnasium, and died June 2, 1794, having been designated as ordinary professor of theology and provost at Wittenberg. He wrote, Der Preditjer lSalomo,avsdem IJehraischen tinf's Neue iibersetzt, und mil kritischen A n- merkitn</en bei/lcitet, etc. (Leips. 1784) : — Collatio Versio- nis Syrittcn, qniim Peschilo Vocant, cum, Fragmentis in Commentariis Ephraemi Syri Ohriis : /^jiec. /, qnod Prio- rii xxii Cnpitu Esaice Continet ( ibid. 1785 ; Spec. //, ibid. 1794): — Dissei-t. Philol. de Ralione Textvs Bihlici in Ephraemi Syri Commentariis Obrii, ejnsgve Usu Critico (ibid. 1780): — Caroli Godefredi Woidi Notitia Codicis A lexandrini, cum Variis ejns Lectionibus Omnibus, etc. (ibid. 1789): — Jeremias ]'ate.<>, e Versione Jndaoi-inn AlexirndrinDrnm ac Reliqnornm Interpretvm Grcecorvm Emendalus Notisque Criticis Ilhistralns ( vol. i, ibid, 1794; ii, post obitum patris ed. F. A. W. Spohn, ibid. 1824). See Winer, //andb. der theol. Lit. i. 49, 56, 100, 128, 212; ii, 786; Fiirst, Bibl. Jud. iii, 375 sq. (B. P.)