Sqninch, Canon's Ashby, Noithamptonshire.
SQUINT
970
SRADDITA
vorite exercise with the Frencli ]in>ressors of the art of stoiic-cuttinu;. — Par- ker, (;k>.<s. ii/A irhiteit. s. v. Squint, an openini,' through the wall ol i cliurcli in an ohliiiue tliri . tion for I he luirpose of cii- at)lin^ IHTsons in the tran- septs or aisle to see the ele- vation of the host at the high-aliar. The usual sit- uation of these openings is on one or Inrth sides of the ohaneel-arch, ami there is freipiently a projection, like a low buiiress, on the out- eiile across the anijle to cov- er thisopeninij;. These pro- jections are more common in some districts than in others; they are particularly abundant in the neigh- biprhood of Tenby, in South Wales. Ihit the opeii- ings themselves are to be found everywhere, though
Squiucb, Tong Chnrch, Salop.
Squints, Ilnseley, Oxfordshire.
they have commonly been plastered over, or sometimes boarded at the two ends, in other cases tilled up with bricks. In some instances they are small narrow arches by the side of the chancel -arch, extending from the ground to the height of ten or twelve feet, as at Minster-
Squhit, Crawley, Hampshire.
Squint, Mayor's Chapel, Bristol.
Lovel. Oxfordshire. Usually they are not above a yard high and about two feet wide, often wider at the west end than at the east. They are commonly plain, but some- times ornamented like niches, and sometimes have light open panelling across them : this is particularly the case in Somersetshire and Devonshire. There are many instances of these ojienings in other situations be- sides the usual one, but always in the direction of the bigh-altar, or at. least of an altar. Sometimes the open- ing is from a chai)el by the side of the chancel, as at Chipping-Norton, Oxfordshire. In Bridgewater Church, Somerset, there is a se- ries of these openings through three successive walls, following the same oblique line, to enable a person standing in the porch to see the high- altar. In this and some other instances it seems to have been for the use of the attendant who had to ring the sanctus-bell at the time of the eleva- tion of the host. There are numerous instances of this bell being placed in a cot on the parapet of the porch ; and as frequent- ly there are windows or openings from the room over the porch into the church, probahh' for the purpose of enabling the person stationed in this room to see the elevation. There seems to be no good or ancient au- thority for the name of Squint applied to these openings, but it has been long in use. The name of hayioscope has lately been applied to them, but it does not seem desirable to give new Greek names to the parts of Eng- lish buildings. — Parker, Gloss, of A rchitect. s. v.
Squire, Samuel, an English divine, was born at Warminster, Wiltshire, in 171-1, and was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, of which he became a fellow, and took his degree of A.B. in 1733 and A.M. in 1737. Soon after. Dr. Wynn, bishop of Bath and Wells, appointed him his chaplain, and in 1739 gave him the chancellorshij) and a canonry of Wells, and afterwards collated him to the archdeaconry of Bath. In 17-18 he was presented to the rectory of Topslield, Essex, and in 1749 took the degree of D.D. He was presented in 1750 by archbishop Herring to the rectory of St. Anne, Westminster, and soon, by the king, to the vicarage of (ireenwich, Kent. On the establishment of the house- hold of the prince of Wales (afterwards George III) he was appointed his clerk of the closet. In 1700 he was presented to the deanery of Bristol, and in 1701 he was advanced to the bishopric of St. David's. He died May G, 1700. He was a fellow of the Royal and Anti(|uary societies. Among his theological works are the following: The Ancient Hhtory of the Hebrews Vin- dinited (Camb. 1741, 8vo) : — IniHjJ'er-ence to Religion In- excusable (1758, 8 vo; new ed. l'2mo and 8vo): — Princi- ples of Iieli(/iim, in a catechism (1703, 8vo): — Sermons (1745-05, all 4to). See Chalmers, Biof/. /Hct. s. v.; Al- libone, JHct. of Brit, and A me?: Authors, s. v.; Hook, Krcles. Hio(/. s. v.
Sraddha (Sanscrit, belief), is the name of the fu- neral ceremony of the Hindis, in which balls of food and water are offered to the deceased ancestors of the saeriticer, or to the Pil/is,i)r manes, collectively. It is specially performed for a paren/. recently deceased, or for three paternal ancestors, and is sujiposed necessary to secure the ascent and resi<lence of the sonl of the de- ceased in a world a))propri.ited to tlie manes. It is also a ceremony of rcidiciiii; as well as mourning, and there are various Sraddlias to i)c cnunieratcd, viz. : 1. Con- \ stunt, or the daily olVerings to the manes in general,
SRAMANAS
971
STABAT MATER
and those offered on certain days of every month. 2. Occusionul, as those for a recently deceased relative, or on various domestic occasions, as the birth of a son, etc. 3. Voluntary/, performed for a special object, such as the hope of religious merit, etc. The proper seasons for the worship of the manes collectively are the dark fort- night (or period of the moon's wane), tlie day of the new moon, the summer and winter solstices, eclipses, etc. The presentation of the ball of food to the de- ceased and to his progenitors in both lines is the office of the nearest male relative, and is the test and title of his claim to the inheritance. — Chambers's Eiicycloj). s. V.