Stall (p2"i'2, vmrbek, a stable for cattle, Amos vi, 4; Mai. iv, 2; "fat," 1 Sara, xxviii, 24; "fatted," Jer. xlvi, 21 ; iTI^X, urvdh, or JT^I^j uryah, a crib, 2 Chron. xxxii, 38, or a span, 1 Kings iv, 26 ; 2 Chron. ix, 25 ; "?"?> repheth, a rack for fodder, Heb. iii, 17; (parvr), Luke ii, 13, a manger, as elsewhere rendered ; stalled is D12N, crammed, Prov. xv, 17; "fatted," 1 Kings iv, 23). Among the ancient Egyptians the stables for horses were in the centre of the villa; but the farm- yard, where the cattle were kept, stood at some distance from the house, like the Roman ntstica. It consisted of two parts — the sheds for housing the cattle, which stood at the upper end, and the j'ard, where rows of rings were fixed in order to tie them while feeding in the daytime (Wilkinson, Ancient Eyypt. \, 30). See Horse. Stalls were ranges of seats placed in the choirs of churches or chapter-houses for the use of the clergy, for the religious in a monastery, or for canons. In the most ancient churches of the West, in the cathedrals and great minsters, the abbot or bishop sat at the head of the choir, behind the altar. Around him, on semi- circular benches of wood or stone, were ranged the ca- pitulars. After the 13th century the seats of the clergy were placed in front of the sanctuary, on either side of what is now called the choir. In cathedrals and other large buildings tliej' were enclosed at the back with panelling, and were surmounted by overhanging can- opies of open tabernacle-work, which were often carried up to a great height, and enriched with numerous pin- nacles, crockets, pierced tracery, and other ornaments. Examples of stalls of this kind remain in most of the English cathedrals and in many other churches. In some cases two rows were used, the outer one only be- ing surmounted by canopies. It was also raised a step or two higher than the other, as in Henry VH's Chap-
tagonal i-arlv Knglish staircase within the Prenorman tower, anil at Whitchurch a similar wooden staircase of the 14th century. At Wolverhampton the pulpit stair winds round a pillar. There were usually three stairs to an altar. At Salisbury, on Palm-Sun<lay, the benedic- tion of palms was made on tlic third step; tlowers and palms were presented on the altar for the clergy, and for others on the stairs only.— Walcott, Sac. A rclueol. s. v.
STATUS, Thk Holy. See Scala Sancta.
Stake OT."^. yathed, a peg or nail [as often ren- dered], especially a tent-pin, Isa. xxxiii, 20; liv, 2). See Test.
StalenB, .Than, a Belgian theologian, was bom in CaU-ar (duchy of Cleves) in 150.5, and after having re- ceived licensure became curate at Kecs in 1626; but being obliged to leave on account of zeal against the Reformed party, he entered the Congregation of the Oratory in 1657, and passed the rest of his life in the convent of Kevelaer ((iueldre), where he died, Feb. 8, 1681. According to I'atiuot {Memoires, vol. vii), he possessed a great mem- ory, and much judgment as well as knowledge. He wrote several historical and ecclesiastical essays, some of which are mentioned in Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gene- rale, s. V.
Stalin, CmnsToni Frieduicii von, a German writ- er, was born Aug. 4, 1805, at Calo, in Wurtemberg, and studied theology, philology, and philosophy at Tubing- en and Heidelberg. In 1825 he was appointed assist- ant to the Royal Library at Stuttgart, in 1826 sub-li- l)rarian.in 1828 librarian, in 1846 director of the library, and died Aug. 12, 1873. Stiilin was one of the most learned and meritorious historians of Germany. He never occu()ied a professorial chair, l)ut for a number of years had been a member of the .Society for Early Ger- man Histor}-, originally superintending the editorship of the MoHumenta (lermani<e Ilistorica, and was also a very useful member of the Munich Historical Com- mission. His Wirtembergische Gescltichte (which was begun in 1841, but of which the first instalment of vol iv, containin
|)eriod of the Peasants' Rebellion, and the Reforrhation of the Church, was published in the year 1870) is uni- versally acknowledged to be a perfect model of a pro- vincial history (Landesgescliic/ite) in regard both of completeness and of methodical precision. The second |Mirtion of vol. iv has been left ready for press, but whether it has yet been published we do not know. See the Regensbnrger Conversalions-Lexikon, s. v. (B. P.)
Stalk iyS, ets, a tree or wood [as often]; hence
el, Westminster. In ordinary parish churches the stalls the turbulent reign of'dukeTjlrich, the j ^'"^ without canopies and frequently had no panelling
at the back above the level ol the elbows ; but m many instances tlie walls over them were lined with wooden panels having a cornice above, corresponding with the screen under the rood-loft, of which a very good spec- imen remains at Etchingham, Sussex. When the chan- cel had aisles behind the stalls, the backs were formed by the side screens, which were sometimes close and some- times of open-work. The chief seat on the dais in a do- mestic hall was sometimes a stall, as in (the ruins of) the palace of the archbishop of Canterbury at Mayfield, Sus- the woody or fibrous part of the flax-stem, Josh, ii, 6 ; | sex, where it is of stone.— Parker, Gloss. qfA rchitect. s. v.