3. ToMMASO, a Jesuit, was born in 1591 at Caltaniset- ta, in Sicily, was professor of theology, afterwards censor and counsellor of the Holy Ofiice, and died at Palermo in 1675. His moral and theological writings were pub- lished at Lyons in 1659, and Venice in 1765.
See Theolof/isches Unirersul- Lexikon, s. v.; Wetzer u. Welte, Kirch. -Lexikon, xii, 1818 ; Zuchold, Bill. Theol. ii, 1305; Winer, Handbuch der theol. Literatur, i, 316, 897,900,913; ii, 797. (B. P.)
Tamid. See Talmud.
Tamil Version. Tamil, or Tamul, the language of the ancient kingdom of Dravira, is spoken in the ex- tensive country now called the Carnatic, and is the ver- nacular language from the town of Pulicat in the north to Cape Comorin in the south, and from the shores of the Indian Ocean on the east to the Ghauts on the west. It also obtains along the whole northern coast of Cey- lon, including the populous district of Jaffna, where it is spoken by a race of people sometimes called the Mal- abars. Tamil is likewise the vernacular language of the IMoormen of Ceylon.
A Tamil version of the New Test, was executed by Ziegenbalg, the first Protestant missionary to India, with the help of other missionaries associated with him, at Tranquebar. He commenced the translation in 1708, and completed it in 1711. The printing of this version was delayed in order that it might receive the benefit of a thorough revisal ; and this important task was com- mitted to John Ernest Grundler, a German missionary, who had arrived in India soon after the commencement of the translation. Under his care the work was print- ed, bearing the title Novum Testamentum D. A'. Jesu.
TAMIL VERSIOX
194
TAMIL VERSION"
Christi,fx Orif/inoli Textu hi Livf/uam Damidlcam Ver- sum,in Usum Gentis Malaharicw, opera et studio Bartho- lomaei Ziegenbalg et Joan, Eriiesti (Jrundleri Serenissimi Daiiiae Regis Friderici IV ad Indos Orientales Missio- narionim (Traiiquebarae, 1714). In 1717 Ziegenbalg commenced the translation of the Old Test., and in 1719, having carried it as far as the book of Ruth, he died, at the age of thirty-six. After his decease, and that of his fellow-laborer Grundlcr, which, occurred dur- ing the following year, the revi>ion of his manuscripts and the prosecution of the version of the Old Test, de- volved on Benjamin Schultze, a missionary who had arrived from Halle a short time previously under the patronage of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowl- edge. Schultze published the portion of the Old Test, translated by Ziegenbalg in 1723, and completed the version in 1727, which was published in three parts, viz. Biblia Damulica, seu quod Deits Omnipotentissimiis semet ipsum ex sua yEtemitateclarius ^tanifestatui-us de Calo est Locutus. Veteris Testamenii Purs Prima, in qua Mosis Lihri quinque, Josum Liber vmis, utque Liber vnusjiidi- cum, studio et opera Bartholoniici Zegenbalgii !JIissio- narii ad Indos Orientales in linguam Damulicam versi continentur (TranquebariiB in littore Coromandelino, ty- pis et sumptibus Missionis Danicw, 1723). Biblia Da- mulica, seu quod Deus Sapientissimus in sua Divina CEco- nomia cum Populo Israelitico et E(jit et Locutus est. Vete- ris Testamenti Pars Secunda, in qua Libellus Ruth, Samu- elis Liber Prior et Posterior, Liber Nehemice, Liber Esther, I^iber Jobi, Liber Psalmoruni Davidis, Liber Proverbio- rum. Liber EccIesiastcB, et Liber Cantici Catiticonnn, studio et opera, etc. (ibid. 1726). Biblia Damulica, seu quod Deus Omniscius de ffratia in Jesu Christo tempoi-e Nori Testamenti Revelunda per Sanctos suos Prophetas est Va- ticinaius. Veteris Testamenti Pars Tertia, in qua Pro- phetce Majores, Esaias, Jeremias, ejusdemque Lamenta- tiones, Ezechiel, Daniel ; Prophetce Minores, I/oseas, Joel, A mos, Obadia, Jona, Micha, Nahum, Ilabacuc, Zephania, llaggai, Zacharias, et Malachias, studio et opera, etc. (ibid. 1727). To these parts were added, in the year 1728, the Apocrj'phal books, or Libri Apoa-yphi, seu Libri a quibusdam Piis Viris Ecclesice A ntiquet Judaicee post Pro- phetas Veteris Testamenti So'ipti, continentes partim Va- rias Regulas Vitm Utiles, partim Supplementuni Historim EcclesiasticcB Veteris Testamenti, scilicet Liber iSapientice, .Ecclesiasticus sive Sirach, Liber Esdrct, Liber Tobice, Liber Judith, A djectiones ad Librum Esther, Liber Baruch, Epis- tola Jer-emice, Adjectiones ad Danielem seu Trium Vii-orum Hymnologia, Histni-ia Sosannce, item Belis et Draconis, MaccabcBorum Liber Primus, Secundus, et Tertius, denique Oratio Manassis, studio et opera, etc. (ibid. 1728).
Schultze likewise addressed himself to a diligent re- vision of the New Test., a second edition of which he put to press in 1722, and completed in 1724, at Tranq[ue- bar. It has the same title as the first, with the addi- tion Editio secunda correctior et accessione summario- rum cujusris capitis auctior. In 1758 a third edition of the New Test, was printed at the same place ; it had previously been subjected to another revision, in which several missionaries took a part. The second Tranque- bar edition was reprinted at Colombo in 1741-43, after having undergone some alterations adapting it to the Tamil spoken in Ceylon. This edition was designed for the native Tamilian Christians in that island, and was published under the auspices of L. B. von Imhoff, the governor.
In 1777 an important version of the New Test, was published by the Rev. J. P. Fabricius, one of Schultze's successors in the Danish mission at Madras. This ver- sion is far more elegant and classical in diction than that of the Tranquebar translators. Fabricius likewise undertook the revision of Schultze's version of the Old Test., preparatory to a second edition ; but the work, as revised by him, has every claim to be considered a new and independent version. He sent the translation, sheet b}' sheet, for examination and correction to the mission- aries at Cuddalore ; from them it passed to the Danish