Teachers, or "doctors" (v. r.), are mentioned among divine gifts in Ephes. iv, 1 1, and it is possible that the apostle does not mean such ordinary teachers (or pas- tors) as the Church now enjoys; but as he seems to
reckon them among the extraordinary donations of God, and uses no mark of distinction or separation be- tween ai)ostles, with which he begins, and doctors, with which he ends, it may be that he refers to the nature of the office of the Jewish doctors; meaning well-in- formed persons, to whom incpiiring Christian converts iTiight have recourse for removing their doubts and dif- ficulties concerning Christian observances, the sacra- ments, and other rituals, and for receiving from Script- ure the demonstration tliat "this is the very Christ;" and that the things relating to the Messiah were ac- complisheii in Jesus. Such a gift could not but be very serviceable in that infant state of the Church, which, indeed, without it, would have seemed, in this particu- lar, inferior to the Jewish institutions. With this agrees the distinction (Kom. xii, 7) between doctors {teaching, di^cKTKiov') and exhorters, q. d.," he who gives advice jn-irately, and resolves doubts, etc., let him attend to that duty ; he who exhorts with a loud voice {irapa- KuXwv), let him exhort" with proper piety. The same appears in 1 Cor. xii, 28, where the apostle ranges, 1st, apostles, public instructors; 2d, prophets, occasional instructors; 3d (StdaaKaXoi), doctors or teachers, pri- vate instructors. See Gifts.
For monographs on our Lord as the Great Teacher, see Hase, Leben Jesu, p. 130 sq. See Jesus Christ.
Tears {ilS'U'^, SaKpva) are the well-known em- blem and usual accompaniment of grief; and as grief is generally most violent when it is indulged for the dead, so in the two following passages the wiping- away of tears is connected with the abolition of death : Isa. XXV, 8, " And the Lord Jehovah shall wipe away the tear from off all faces;" Rev. vii, 17, "And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes." Tears are wont to be poured out on occasions of mortality: thus in Jer. xxxi, 15, "A voice was heard in Ramah, lamentation and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children refused to be comforted for her children, because they were not:" again in xxii, 10, "Weep ye not for the dead, neither bemoan him, but weep sore for him that goeth away, for he shall return no more, nor see his native countrj'." Tears are sometimes shed for na- tional calamities: thus in Lam. i, 2, "She weepeth sore in the night, and her tears are on her cheeks;" again in Numb, xiv, 1, "And all the congregation lifted up their voice and cried, and the people wept that night." In Gen. xxi, 15, IG, Hagar's pitiable case is thus de- scribed, "And the water was spent in the bottle, and she cast the child under one of the shrubs. And she went and sat her down over against him a good way off, as it were a bow-shot; for she said, Let me not see the death of the child. And she sat over against him, and lifted up her voice and wept." Tears are often the symbol of divine judgments, as they are sometimes also of human oppressions. (See Eccles. iv, 1 ; Acts xx, 19; Jer. xiv, 17.) Thej' are sometimes the fruit of re- pentance and contrition. (See Heb. xii, 7; Matt, xxvi, 15.) But commonh' they are the result of natural af- fection deploring a beloved object, of which the exam- ples are too obvious and numerous to cite. But what- ever the causes of tears to the righteous, all these shall be abolished, which is what is meant by "(iod's wiping away all tears from their eyes." For death, oppression, calamity, repentance, shall have no place in the heav- enly region. Weeping may endure for a night, but joy Cometh in the morning. Those who sow in tears shall reap in joy. See Grief.
For the valley of tears (Psa. Ixxxiv, 6), see Baca.
For monographs on the tears of Christ over Jerusa- lem (Luke xix, 41). see Volbeding, Index Programma- tum, p. 53. Comp. Kiesling, De Lacrimis Vutum (Lips. 1747). See Jesus Christ.
The so-called lachrymatories, or " tear-bottles," sup- posed by some to have been used for collecting the tears of the mourners at the graves of the ancients (Thomson, Land and Bool; i, 147), were rather ves-
TEASHUR
237
TEKOA
sels for perfumery or flowers (see the Penny Cyclop. s. v.).
Teashur, See Box-trke.
Te'bah (Heb. Te'bach, nsa, shm^hter, as often; Sept. Ta/Sk; Josephus, To/3aToe, Ant. i, 6, 5 ; Vulg. Tabee). the oldest of the four sons of Nahor by his con- cubine Keumah (Gen. xxii, 24). B.C. cir. 2050.
Tebali'ah (Heb. only in the prolonged form Te- balya'hu, W^bni:, purijial [FUrst, protected'] by Jeho- vah ; Sept. T<i(d£Xiae v. r. T«/3\ni ; Vulg. Tabelias), third of the four sons of Hosah " of the children of Me- rari" (1 Chron. xxvi, 11). B.C. 1014.
Te'beth (Heb. Tebeth', nn;:, apparently of As- syrian origin, Tibituo). the tenth month (Esth. ii, 16) of the sacred year of the Hebrews, corresponding in the main to January. Jerome has the following comment upon Ezek. xxix, 1 : " Decimus mensis, qui Hebrteis appellatur Tebeth, et apnd /Egyptios [with whom it was the fifth month] Ivjii [or Tw/3(, Coptic 7V»&j], apud Komanos Januai-ius." In Arabic it is called Tubali, in Greek Ti»/3i or T/;/3, and in Sanscrit Tiqms. See Calendar, Jewish.