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l'(.'i>l)L'ciive of Woloiiiciu's Temple, with its Accompanying Structures (uccoriling lo.l'aine), as sri'u IVoni tlie East.
Entirely diflferent from the foregoing is Prof. Paine's , thereof be strongly laid; the height thereof threescore idea of the Temple, arising from his interpretation of j culjits, and the breadth thereof threescore cubits; with the "enlarging and winding about still upward" of j three rows of great stones, and a row of new timber." Ezek. xli, 7 to mean an overjutting of the upper cham- j Josephus quotes this passage almost literally (.4?;^ xi, 4, bers by galleries {Temple of Solomon, p. 38). A serious 6), but in doing so enables us to translate "row" (Chald. objection to such an arrangement is the insecurity of a 7^37?! ^"^f") as storij (Sofiog, so also the Sept.) — as, in-
building thus widening at the top.
VI. ZeriibbaheVs Temple. — W'e have very few partic- ulars regarding the Temple which the Jews erected af- ter their return from the Captivity, and no description that would enable us to realize its appearance. But there are some dimensions given in the Bible and else-
deed, the sense would lead us to infer — for it could only apply to the three stories of chambers that surround- ed Solomon's, and afterwards Herod's, Temple ; and with this again we come to the wooden structure which surmounted the Temple and formed a fourth story. It may be remarked, in passing, that this dimension of six-
where which are extremely interesting as affording ' ty cubits in height accords perfectly with the words points of comparison between it and the temples which j which Josephus puts into the mouth of Herod {ibid, xv, preceded it or were erected after it, 11, 1) when he makes him say that the Temple built
The first and most authentic are those given in the after the Captivity wanted sixty cubits of the height book of Ezra (vi, 3) when quoting the decree of Cyrus, of that of Solomon. For, as he had adopted, as we wherein it is said, " Let the house be builded, the place have seen above, the height of one hundred and twen- where they offered sacritices, and let the foundations ty cubits, as written in the Chronicles, for that Temple,
this one remained only sixty. The other dimension of sixty cubits in breadth is twenty cu- bits in excess of that of Solo- mon's Temple; but there is no reason to doubt its correctness, for we find, both from Josephus and the Talmud, that it was the dimension adopted for the Tem- ple when rebuilt, or rather re- paired, by Herod. At the same time, we have no authority' for assuming that anj' increase was made in the dimensions of either the holy place or the holy of holies, since we find that these were retained in Ezekiel's de- scription of an ideal Temple, and were afterwards those of Herod's. As this Temple of Zerubbabel was still standing in Herod's time, and was, more strictly speaking, repaired rath- er than rebuilt by him, we can- not conceive that any of its di- mensions were then diminished. We are left, therefore, with the alternative of assuming that the porch and the chambers all round were twenty cubits in width, including the thickness of the walls, instead of ten cu- bits, as in the earlier building. Tliis may, perhaps, to some ex- tent, be accounted for by the in- troduction of a passage between the Temple and the rooms of the priest's lodgings, instead of each being a thoroughfare, as must certainly have been the case in Solomon's Temple. This alteration in the width of the Pteromata made the Temple one hundred cubits in length by sixty in breadth, with a height, it is said, of sixty cu- bits, including the upper room, Soiomou's Temple according to Paine : 1. Front View ; 2, West End ; 3, Interior- or Talar thouirh wc cannot heln X,-R ^ '
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suspecting that this last dimension is somewhat in ex- cess of the truth.
The only other desoriiition of this Temple is found in Ilecatanis the Abileritc, who wrote shortly after the death of Alexander the (Jreat. As quoted by Josephiis {Cont. A p. i. -l-I), he says that '"in Jerusalem, towards the middle of the city, is a stone-walled enclosure about fi%'e hundred feet in length (wf Tm'TcnrXiSrpoi:) and one hundred cubits in width, with double gates," in which he describes the Temple as being situated. It may be that at this age it was found necessarj- to add a court for the women or the (Jentilcs, a sort of' Narthex or (ialilee for those who could not enter the Temple. If this, or these together, were one hundred cubits square, it would make up the '-nearly five plethra" of our au- thor. Ilecatieus also mentions that the altar was twen- ty cubits S(iuare and ten high. Although he mentions the Temple itself, he unfortunately does not supply us with any dimensions.
The 'remple of Zerubbabel had several courts (avXai') and cloisters or cells {-n-po^vpa). Josephus distinguish- es an internal and external 'ii-pot; and mentions clois- ters in the courts. This Temjile was connected with the town by means of a bridge (Atit. xiv, 4).
VII. EzeHil's Temple. — The vision of a temple which the prophet Ezekiel saw while residing on the banks of the Chebar in Babylonia, in the twenty-tifth year of the Captivity, does not add much to our knowledge of the subject. It is not a description of a temple that ever was built or ever could be erected at Jerusalem, and can consequently only be considered as the beau ideal of what a Shemitic temple ought to be. ■ As such it would certainly be interesting if it could be correctly restored; but, unfortunately, the difficulties of making i)Ut a complicated plan from a mere verbal description are very great indeed, and are enhanced in this instance by our imperfect knowledge of the exact meaning of the Hebrew architectural terms, and it may also be from the prophet describing not what he actually knew, but only what he saw in a vision.