d. Beyond this point, as we stiall presently see, there is no oiiportunity for a gate south of the point where the
.north wall ofZioii would have Joined the Teiniile : but that wall must have included one of these "g.ites to the suburbs," both for the sake of convenience and to prevent an undue crowding of three gates in the western Temple wall north of its juiictioii with the Zion wall. Here, how- ever, tliere is just convenient space for a gate, and a suit- able locality about half-way between the bridge and the Zion wall.
e. These views are confirmed by the following point:
4. Josephus rnenlions (War, vi,".3, 2) as lying along tliis wall "John's Tower, which he built in the war he made against Simon, over the gates that led to the Xystus," by which gate we understand this of Parbar, and tiiat the tower was constructed over an enlargement of its gate- way lying opposite Simon's or the Lying-out Tower.
5. The next object of interest is "the Council - house" mentioned by Josephus as the termination of the old wall at the Temjile {War, v, 4, 2), which plainly implies that it lay in the corner where the city and Teiiijile walls met, and immediately joined them both. This building we therefore locate on that part of tlie Haram which adjoins the tennination of the present Street of David, for the reasons following:
a. The courses of old foundation-stones forming "the Jews' Wailing-place" show that there was no sti'uclure anciently adjoining them, and Iherefme the Council- house must be located north of this spot.
b. The space here unappropriated (about 100 feet, be- tween the Jews' Wailing-place and David Street) would be a suitable one for a public building with its interior court and connected offices.
c. The Mukhama, or " town-hall," of the modern city is exactly on this spot, and "some of it has more the ap- pearance of being in situ than manv of the other remains m the city" {Ordnance Hurvey, p. 2S).
6. Just north of the Zion wall thus located, we would place one of the gates of Asvppim, referred to in 1 Chrou. xxvi, 17 as lying on the western side of the Temple, iden- tical with Josephus's other gate leading to the suburbs, at a convenient place, and uiiifoi inly situated with respect to the gate above and that below, and just at the present Bab es-Silsileh, or " Gate of the Cliaiii," at the head of the modern "Street of David," which is the principal entrance to the Haram.
7. Adjoining this on the inside must have been the House of Asuppim, or "collections" (1 Chron. xxvi, 15), occupying (part of) the cloister between the two gates of the same name. It proliably was the place of dejiosit for the Temple ofterings (see Lightfoot, Works, ix. 230). This is apparently "that northern edifice which was be- tween the two gates" mentioned by Josephus {War, vi, 2, 7), for that these were the two gates of Asuppim is evident from several cousideraticnis:
a. The Komaiis, although then assaulting the outer Temple wall, evidently attacked its north-west corner, where the Temple proper was nearest to them, and there- fore would not have reared their engines south of the junction of the old wail with the Temple, wdiich leaves but these two gates for the spliere of their operations on the west.
b. That this building was on the west side of the Tem- ple is clear from the fact that of the four engines the first was opposite the north-west angle of the inner court [from a northerly point of attack], and the last one far- ther alinig the north side ; if, then, this second one be op- posite the same north-west corner of the inner court from a westerly direction, the third will be farther south on the west side, between the south gate of Asuppim and the old wall — a natural and consistent arrangement. The Tower of Antonia proper prevented any being reared nearer the extreme north-west corner of tlie otiter wall.
S. The other Gate of Asuppim we therefore place at a corresponding distance northward, opposite where a gate enters the Haram from the modern "Cotton Mart," and hence called Bab el-Kattanin. Lightfoot asserts that this gate (which, however, he calls Shallechelh) was diametri- cally opijosite the eastern gate ( IVorks, ix, 22t!), but appar- ently without any authority. This is evidently also Jo- sephus's "last [gate on this side that] led to the other city," i. e. Acra {A7it. xv, 11, 5).
9. In this last passage, also, Josephus states that on passing out of this gate "the road descended down into the valley [of the Tyropaon] by a gieat number of steps, and thence uj) again by the ascent," which agrees with the fact that the detritus adjoining the wall is here 72 feet deep {Ordnance Survey, p. 29).
10. We next arrive at the north-west corner of the Tem- ple enclosure, about 1000 feet from the east as well as the south side. Near this corner were private passages for the Roman guard from Antonia to the galleries within the wall (Josephus, War, v, 5, 8).
11. On the north side there was but one gate (the "two gates" of Josephus [War, vi,2, 7] have been shown above not to belong to the north side), which the Talmud calls Tedi {Middoth, i, 3), a word of uncertain signification, but apparenlly indicative of "privacy" from its being less Used, and therefore less ornamented, than the othergates (so Lightfoot frimi the Talmud), which the obstruction of Antonia would naturally occasion. We place it in the middle of the wall, nearly opposite both the Gate of Song and the present "Gate el-Hitta,"ou the north side of the Haram.