TEMPLE
263
TEMPLE
24; 1 Chron. xxi, 25) as the site of his altar, and event- ually of the Temple (2 Clirou. iii, 1), does uol seem to have removed it entirely out of the tribe of Benjamin.
2. General Desciiption of the. Temple Prnper.—'VXns we find well summarized in Winer (Uealwnrterb. ii, .'xS3 sq.), from the combined statements of the Talmud and Jose- phus (the latter, however, although a priest by birth, and therefore entitled to admission to the buildinvr, so con- stantly mixes the descriptiou of Herod's with that of Sol- omou's Temple tiial we must often distrust his details).
This edifice was cousiructed ui)on new foundations (Josephus, Ant xv, 11, 3), and of white marble, the blocks beina; in some instances 45 cubits long, 6 broad, and 5 high (irxr, V, 5, G; comp. Ant. xv, 11, ii). The entire widlh (from north to south) of the porch was (exteriorly) 100 cu- bits ; but the remainder (rear part) of the building was only 60 cubits (according to the Talmudisis 70, including the side chamber of 5 cubits, the wall of 0 cubits, etc.), so that the porch projected 20 (or 15) cubits ou each side beyond the rest of the structure. Its length was also 100 cubits, and its height the same ; but Josephus says (Ant. XV, 11,3) that eveutually it sank 20 cubits (the original height being 120), a statement which Hirt (p. 10) regards (probably with justice) as a mere legend. The interior space was, according to Josephus, so divided that the porch liad a length (from uorth to soutli) of 50 cubits, a breadth of 20, and a height of 90 (comp. War, v, .5, 5) ; the holy place a length of 40 cubits, a breadtli of 20, and a height of 00 ; and the most holy place a length and breadih of 20 cubits, and a height of 00 ; but the Talmud (Mitldtitlt, iv, G) makes the height of both the latter rooms to have been only 40 cubitsj by which we snspect it means ilie extra height above the ceiling of the most holy place, since this^ last was a perfect cube. The entire building also seems to have been 100 cubits in each dimension, as Josephus in the main indicates, although his numbers in several passages appear to be confused or corrupt. This likewise is the statement of the Talmud (ibid, iv, 7), according to which the length (from east to west) of the porch was only 11 cubits, tfiat of the sanctuary 40 cubits, and that of ihe shrine 20 cubits ; while on the west, below the holy of holies, was a space (for a chamber) of G cubits (comp. also ibid, iv, 3), besides 23 cubits for the thick- ness of the walls and partitions. If, as Josephus and the Talmud both state, the porch was 100 cubits high, but (as the lattei- states) only 90 high ou the inside, the difi'erence of 10 cubits may have been that of the peaked roof, if a ga- ble ; but the difference in their numbers as to the height of the rear portion of the building gives probability to the statement of the T:ilmud (ibid, iv, 6) that there was an upper room (iT5>) over the holy and most holy places.
containing tiap-doois in the floor, through which work- men were let dowu into the most tioly place to make re-- pairs {ibid, iv, 5). Josephus calls this part of the building TO inrtipuiov nfpof, aud the Talmud gives it a heisht of 40 cubits, which apparently refers only to the iulerinediate space left by the diftereuce between the holy and the most holy place. As to the style of the roof (wliether Hat or l)eaked) Josephus says nothing; he only remarks (iVar, V, 5, G) that it was surmounted (kutii Ko^>u(|li]v) by golden spikes (o/itAoi), probably of gilded iron, fastened with lead, for scaring away the birds; the same are mentioned iu tlie Talmud (Sll" nblD, Middoth, iv, 6), where they are said to have been one cubit iu height. The roof itself ap- pears, according to the Mishna, to have been a low gable (see L'Empereur, ad Middoth, iv, 6), with a balustrade (iipVO) three cubits high. The space above the i^^^'^_ is thus divided (Middoth, iv, 6) : 1 cubit H1^2 (? ceiling) ; 2 cubits nsiiT r"^2 (place of rain-water) ; 1 cubit mp?a (timber); 1 cubit nS"^! "^ (flo<iring) ; 3 cubits railing; 1 cubit scarecrows. On both sides of the interior apart- meuts was a space of 20 cubits devoted to a suite of rooms (olKoi TfjicTTeioi), which, however, extended only GO cubits high (Josephus, Ant. xv, 11, 3 ; War, v, 5, 5). According to the Talmud (Middoth, iv, 3), these (D'^XP) were in all 3S; namely, 15 ou the north and south side each, and S on the west or rear (comp. the "many mansiouf," /ujiui vroXAai, of John xiv, 2). The shoulder or projecting space (uorth and south) on each side of the porch (40 cubits in Jose- phus, 30 in tlie Talmud) was used as a depository of the sacrificial implements (ITlE^Tin JT^S, lucus secespita- ruin, Middoth, iv, 7).
The most holy place, which was entirely empty (exeiro ov&tv i /\to9 ev avTut, Josephus, War, v, 5, 5), except the stone ('^nn'B "|3N) which occupied the place of the ark (Mish- na, Yoma, V, 2), and on which the high-priest set the cen- ser (the rabbins relate many marvels concerning it), was separated at the doorway from the holy place (Josephus, War, V, 5, 5) by a vail KL<.T<tni-Ta(Tfj.a), which was torn by the earthquake at Jesus' death (Matt, xxvii, 51 ). The rabbins speak of a double vail : according to the Talmud these occupied a space of 1 cubit between the apartments ("pOp^uJ, Middoth, iv, 7). The holy place had an entrance with two gold-plated door-leaves, which, according to Jo-