iiid the setting sun n the right of Pho- or (I'eor).
son, behind the road which leads to the west on the left of Knphaiii.
[AnotherMS. reads Ge- briel, Cydisciis, and Ka- phaini, "fir Bihil, Edisse, aud Kapliain.]
Hebrew version of the passage, and may be pointed in two ways, so as to mean eitlier "from the inhabitants of." or '• from Tislibi," i. e. Tliisbc. The reverse sugges- tion, in respect of the same word in 1 Kings xvii, 1, has also been made. See TisimrrK. But this, though very ingenious, and quite within the bound's of possibility, is at present a mere conjecture, since none of .the texts support it, and there is no other evidence in its favor.
No name resembling Thisbe or Thibe has been yet encountered in the neigliborhood of Kcdesor Safed, but it seems impossible to suppose that the minute detini- tion of the Latin and Hevised Greek texts— equalled in the sacred booics only by the well-known description of the position of Siiiloh in Judg. xxi, 19 — can be mere in- vention.— Smith.
Thistle is the rendering, in the A. V., of two Heb. and one Gr. word: 1. "I'ill^! ddiddr, any thorny plant, especially of the weed-like sort ; always collectively iu parallelism with ]'ip, /cots, " thorn" (Gen. iii, 18; Hos. X, 8); 2. nin, ckdach, a stronger or hook- like thorny bush (2 Kings xiv, 9; 2 Chron. xxv, 18; Job xxxi.40; elsewhere "thorn," etc.); 3. rpi^oXoQ, a thive-pronf/<d thorn, the caltrop (IMatt. vii, 16; "brier," Heb. vi, 8). The tendency of all vegetation in Palestine to run into s]iines, noticeable in the merest weeds as well as in trees, is a suiiject of remark to all travellers (see Hack- ett. Il'iisf. of Script. \). V2G). The thistle (a common name for various genera, especially Curduiix cirninn, etc.) grows abundantly iu most countries, and is a small plant: but in the warm air of Palestine, and in rich soils like the plain of Esdraelon, the large and luxuriant thistle will overtop the mounted horseman. On the road from Jerusalem to Rama, Hasselijuist {Travels, p. 280) found six different sorts; and in the south of Ju- daea, in the course of one afternoon, Messrs. JM'Cheyne
Arabian Thistle (Carduttn ArahicriK).
and Bonar counted ten or eleven species. Miss Beau- fort speaks of giant thistles of the height of a inan on horseback, which she saw near the ruins of FelliAm (Ef/i/pti(in Sep. and Syrian S/n-ines. ii, 4b. 50). "The most common species of this weed in Palestine are, A'o- tobasis Si/riaca, a .tall flowering pink thistle with jiow- erful spines; Scolymus muculaliis, a very noxious plant, with a bright-orange flower: and Carthemns oxycantha, another yellow-flowering thistle, whose formidable spines inflict irritating wounds, like the sting of a poisonous insect" (Tristram, Nat. Hist, of the Bible, p. 42-i sq.). See Thorn.
Thiven, Synod of. was held by Nierses, the first bisho|i, or cathidiciis, of the Armenian Church, in A.D. 536. It was called through the influence of the Persian ruler Chosroes, who desired the separation of his Chris- tian subjects from the Christians of the Roman empire. At the synod the Monophysite system was confirmed, and the anathema pronounced on the Chalcedonian council. See Neander, Hist, of the Chui-ch, i, 553.
Tholiick, Fhikdkich AtTCiUsx Gottgktkeit. one of the greatest Protestant divines of Germany, was born at Breslau, March 30. 1799, of humble parentage. He continued at school till twelve years of age, wlien he was set to learn his father's trade, which was that of a goldsmith. It is said that he had till late years a ring which he himself had made. Still he hated the trade so much that he determined to get back to study. He soon found his way to the gymnasium, from which he graduated at the age of eighteen. His diligence was so great that he almost destroyed his sight, so that at times he has l)oen on the verge of blindness. For a while he remained at the University of Breslau, but afterwards went to Berlin. In some way or other a taste for Orien- tal literature was awakened in him. and he sought from Prof. Kosegarten (then of Greifswalde, but from 1817 till 182-1: professor at Jena), who was a great Oriental scholar, the means to carry on such studies. Prelate von Dietz, another distinguished Orientalist, took such an interest in him as to adopt him as his son : and when the jirelate died. Von Altenstein secured for him all need- ful sup[)ort. He went soon after to Jena, where he stud- ied under his benefactor, Kosegarten, and graduated as doctor of iihilosojiliy. He always looked back upon these Oriental studies with delight, and said on Dec. 1, 1870 (the evening before the fiftieth anniversary of his apiiointment as professor), in answer to a congratulatory address from Jena, " Yon may be assured, my friends, that when I look back upon these studies, it is not with feelings like those with which one recollects a forsaken love, but rather with those felt towards one that still in- flames and fills my spirit with youthful enthusiasm, and, at the same time, calls up a grateful remembrance of Prof. Kosegarten of Jena, who so lovingly encouraged and helped me on in the path of these studies." Tho- luck's progress in Oriental lore is proved In' three works which he iiuhlished, two of which are learned produc- tions. The first was written in 1821, from Turkish, Persian, and Arabic MSS., and entitled Svf sinus sire Theosophia rers<n-im Pantheistica, quam e MSS. Bi- bliothecie Re(/i(e Berolinensis Persicis, A rabicis, Turcicis emit et illitstravit (Berolini. 1821). The second was more popidar, and appeared in 1825 with the title An Antholoyy of the Oriental .Mystic Poems, n-ith an Intro- duction on the Mystics Generally, and the Eastern in Par-