Tischei", Johann Fkiedrich Wilhelji, a German Protestant divine, was born at Tautschen, near Torgau, in the year 1767. In 1792 he was called to the pastorate of his native city; in 1794 he was appointed superin- tendent at Jiilerbogk; four years later he was called to Plauen, and in 1823 to Pirna, having in the meantime received the degree of doctor of theology. He died in the latter place in 1842. He published. Scholia in Loc. Gal. iii, 1-20 (■\^'ittenb. 1802) -.—Psychologische Predigt- enlwiirfe (Leips. 1795): — Die Bauptstiicke der christ- lichen Religion (33d ed. ibid. 1852): — Das Christenthuni in den Bauptstiicken unserer Kirche (2d ed. ibiil. 1837): — Ueber elas menschliche Berz und seine Eigenheiten (ibid. 1829-43, 4 vols.), sermons : — Die Pflicht der Kirch- lirhkeit cms den Gesetzen der Seelenlehre bewiesen (ibid. 1836) : — and a number of other sermons and essays. See Zuchold, Bibl. Theolog. ii, 1343; Winer, Bandbuch der theol. Literatur, i, 262; ii, 161, 197, 228, 314, 321, 334. (B. P.)
Tish'bite (Heb. TishW, "^3'1'ri, apparently a gen- tile adj.; Sept. S'fff/S/n/c; Vidg. Thesbites), the constant designation of the prophet Elijah (1 Kings xvii, 1 ; xxi,
TISIO
432
TITAN ES
17. 28; 2 Kings i, 3, S; ix, 3G). The fallowing expla- nations liave been given ol'tliis obscure ciiithet :
1. The name naturally (loints to a jilace callcil Tisli- huh, Tislibi'h, Tislibi, or ratlier perhaps Teslub, as the residence of the prophet. Indeed, the word ■'ZrP'C, which follows it in 1 Kings xvii, 1, and which in the received Hebrew text is so pointed as to mean "from the residents," may, witlw't violence or grammatical impropriety, be jiointcd to read " from Tishbi." This
' latter reading appears to have been followed by the .Sept. (Vat. o Ofd/JfiVj/c " tK estrfSwr), Josephns {Ant. viii, 13, 2, TToXfwf Of (T/3w)'j;(;), and the Targ. (Sr^PT:'!, " from out of Toshab") ; and it has the support of Ewald (Ge.tch. iii, 468, note). It is also supported by tlie fact, which seems to have escaped notice, that the word does not in this passage contain the 1 which is present in each one of the places where 3"^15^ is used as a mere appellative noun. Had the 1 been present in 1 Kings xvii, 1, the interpretation "from Tishbi" could never liave been jjroposed.
Assuming, however, that a town is alluded to as Eli- jah's native place, it is not necessary to infer that it was itself in Gilead, as Epiphanius, Adrichomius, Cas- tell, and others have imagined; for the word ^Tl'IB, which in the A. V. is rendered by the general term "in- habitant," lias really the special force of •' resident" or even "stranger." This and the fact that a place with a similar name is not elsewhere mentioned have induced tliecommentators, geographers, and lexicographers, with few exceptions, to adopt the name " I'ishbite" as refer- ring to the place TinsBi-; (Oirrjiij) in Naphtali. which is found in the Sept. text of Tobit i, 2. The difficulty in the way of this is the great uncertainty in which the text of that passage is involved — an uncertainty quite sufficient to destroy any dependence upon it as a topo- graphical record, although it bears the traces of having originally been extremely minute. Bunsen {Bihclwcrk, note to 1 Kings xvii, 1) suggests in support of the read- ing "the Tishbite from Tishbi of (iilead" (which, how- ever, he does not adopt in his text) tliat the place may have been purposely so described, in order to distinguish it from the town of the same name in Galilee.
2. But "^^'I'm has not always been read as a proper name, referring to a place. Like "'-irP.'^, though ex- actly in reverse, it has been pointed so as to mai^e it mean " the stranger." This is done by Michaelis in the text of his interesting Bihcl fur Uni/elclnicn — " Der Fremdling Elia, einer von den Fremden, die in (Iilead wohnhaft waren;" and it throws a new and impressive air around the prophet, who was so einphaticallv the cham|iion of the (iod of Israel. But this suggestion does not appear to have been adopted by any other in- terpreter, ancient or modern.
The numerical value of the letters "^S'ijn is 712, on which account, and also doid)tless with a view to its correspondence witli his own name, Elias Levita entitled his work, in which 712 words are explained, Srpfiei- Tishbi (Bartolocci, i, 140 b). — Smith. See Ei.t.jah.
Tisio (or Tisi), Benveni-to, called 11 Gamfalo, an eminent painter of the Ferrarese school, was born in 1481, received his first education under Domenico Pa- netti, then studied with Ts'iccolo Soriaui at Cremona, and next under Boccaccio Boccaccino. He went to Kome in 1499, where he remained fifteen months, and then travelled tlirougli various Italian cities, intending to settle down at Home. Persuaded, however, by tlie so- licitations of Pauetti and by the commissions of duke Alphonso, he remained in his native place, Ferrara. His death took place in 15.59. The works of Tisio are extremely valuable, and scarcely to be found outside of Italy. Among them we note, Murder of the Innocent it, Resurrection of Lazaii/s. and TnHn;; of Christ, in the Church of St. Francis at Ferrara; .S7. Peter Martyr, in the Church of the Dominicans; Visitation of the Vir/jin,
in the Palazzo Doria. See Spooner, Biog. Diet, of the Fine A rts, s. v.