Session X (June 2, 1547). — At this session, however, there were but six archbishops, thirty-six bishops, one abbot, and two generals of order.s present; the rest con- tinuing to sit at Trent. It was deemed advisable to prorogue the session to Sept, 15 ensuing; but the quar- rel between the pope and the emjieror having now as- sumed a more serious aspect, the council remained sus- pended for four years in spite of the solicitations made by the German bishops to the pope tliat the sessions of the council might continue.
Ill 1549, Paul III died, and the cardinal del Monte having been elected in his place, under the name of Ju- lius III, he issued a bull, dated March 14, 1551, direct- ing the re-establishment of the Council of Trent, and naming as his legates, !Marcelliis Crescentio, cardinal; Sebastian Pighino, archbishop of Siponto; and Aloysius Lipomane-S, bishop of Yeroiia,
Session XI (^lay 1, 1551). — The next session was held at Trent, when cardinal Crescentio caused a decree to be read to the ctfect that the council was reopened,
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anil that the next session sliould be held ou Sept, 1 fol- lowing.
Session XII (Sept. 1, 1551). — In this session, an ex- hortatiiin was read in the name of the presidents of the cduncil, in which the power and authority of oecu- menical councils were extolled; tlicn followed a decree declaring that the suhject of the euciiarist should he treated of in the next session. Afterwards, the earl of Mont fort, ambassador from the emperor, ileniande(l to be admitted to the council, wiiich was agreed to. .lames Amyot, the ambassador of Henry II of France, presented a letter from his master, which, after some opposition, was read; it explained why no French bish- op had been permitted to attend the council. After- wards, Amyot, on the part of Henry, made a formal pro- test against the Council of Trent, in which he complain- ed of tlie conduct of .Julius III.
In tlie congregation following, the question of the eucharist was treated of, and ten articles selected from the doctrine of Zwingli and Luther were proposed for examination.
1. That the body and blood of Christ are present in the eucharist only in a tigin-e, not really.
2. That the Lord's body is eaten, not sacramentally, bnt only spiritually and by faith.
3. That Ui) traMsul)siaiitiation takes place in the eucha- rist, but a hyposttiiic union of the human nature of Christ with tlie bi'ead and wine.
4. That the eucharist was instituted for the remission of bins only.
5. That Jesus Christ in the eucharist is not to be adored, and that to do so i.< to commit idobitry.
6. Tliat tlie holy sacrament ou^dit not to be kept; and that MO ])erson may comminiicale alone.
7. Tliat the body of Chri.«t is not in the fragments which remain afier communion ; but it is so present only during the time of receiving, and not afterwards.
8. 'I'liat it is siu to reHise to the faithful the communion in both Ivinds.
y. That under one species is not contained the same as under both.
10. That faith alone is required in order to communi- cate; that confession oUL'ht to be voluntary, and that coiniuunion at Easter is not necesj-ary.
In another congregation the question of reform was discussed, the subject of episcopal jurisdiction was brought forward, and a regulation drawn up concerning appeals. No appeal from the judgment of the i)ishop and his officials was allowed, except in criminal cases, with- out considting with civil jndgtnents; and even in crimi- nal cases it was not permitted to appeal from inter- locutory sentences until a definitive sentence had been jiassed. The ancient right of the bishops to give sen- tence in the ])rovincial synods was not, however, re- stored. The power w-as left to the pope of judging by means of commissioners delegated in partibus.
Session Kill (Oct. 11, 1551). — The decree concern- ing the eucharist was read Sept, 13, and was contained in eight chapters.
1. Declares that after the consecration of the biead and wine, our Lord Jesus Christ, very God and very Man, is verily, really, and substantially contained under the sjieciesOf tliese sensible objects; that it is a sin to en- deavor to ))ut a metaphorical sense upon the woids in which our Lord instituted the holy sacrament ; that the Cliurcli has iilways believed tlie actual liody and the ac- tual blood, together with his soul and his divinity, to be l)re-eiit under the species of bread and wine after conse- cration.
3. That each kind contains the same as they both to- gether do, for Jesus Christ is entire under the spec'es of bread, and under the smallest particle of that species, as also under the species of wine, and under the smallest portion of it.
4. That in the consecration of the bread and wine there is made a conversion and chanire of the whole substance of the bread into the sidistance of our Lord's body, and a chanire of the whole substance of the wine into that of his blood, which chansre has been litly and properly termed " traiisulislantiation."
5. That the worship of Latria is rightly rendered by the faithfid to the holy sacrament of the altar.
s. That there are three modes of commnnicatincr — (1) sacramentally, as in the case of sinners; (2) spiritually, as They do who receive only in will and by faith; (3) iioth sacnimenially and spiritually, as lliey do wlni actually re- ceive, and with faith and projier disposiiious.