In the sum of the cities ennineraled in cuhnection with this tribe, nineteen metropolitan towns only are included, five of the names (Allon-zaanaim, Adami-nekeb, Ziddim- zer, Hammath - rakkath, and Aligdal -el - Horem) being double, and two others (Aznoth-'tabor and Jndah-upon- Jordan) lying outside the border. See Pali;btine.
Tribolos. See Thoks.
Tribulation ("l^, ^\i\puj, botli literally signifying pressure or straits) expresses in the A. V. much the same as trouble, or trial, importing atHictive dispensa- tions to which a person is subjected either by way oC punishinent (see Judg. x, 14, Matt, xxiv, 21, 29, Rotn. ii, 9 , 2 Thess. i, G) or by way of trial (see John xvi, 33 ; Kora. V, 3 ; 2 Thess. i, 4).
Tribur {Concilium, Trihurense), Covi^cw.s ov. Tri- bur was a royal residence near Mayence, where several Church councils were held.
I. The first council was held in 895. Twenty-two bishops were present, including Hatho, archbishop of Mayence; Herman, archbishop of Cologne, and Kat- bode, archbishop of Treves. King Ariiulphus also at- tended, with many of the chief lords of his kingdom. Fifty-eight canons were published.
3. Declares that, with the king's ccmsent, it is ordered that all his nobles shall seize those who refuse to perf inn the penance due to their offences, aud bring them before the bishop.
4. Regulates the manner of disposing of the pecuniary mulct inflicted for wounding a priest:" if the latter sur- vived, the whole belonged to him ; if he died, it was to bo divided into three parts, one for his church, one for his bishop, and one for his relations.
5. Imposes five years' penance for killing a priest, during whicii time the penitent might not eat meat nor drink wine, except ou Sundays and festivals. At the end of the live years he might be admitted into the Church, but not to communion, until the expiration of other five years, during which he was to fast three days in the week.
10. Renews the canon of the Council of Carthage which enacts that a bishop shall not be deposed by fewer than twelve bishops; a priest by fewer than six; nor a deacon by fewer than three.
12. Restricts the solemn celebration of baptism to East- er and Whilsnuiide.
13. Orders the division of tithe into four portions: 1, for the bishop; 2, for the clerk; 3, for the poor; aud, 4, for the faliric.
15. Orders that the dead be buried, if possible, at the cathedral church; if not, at the church beloiiLring to a monastery, in order that they might benefit by the prayers of the monks; otherwise in tlie church to which they pay tithe.
10. Proves from Scripture that no fee may be taken for burials.
17. Forbids to bury laymen within the church.
IS. Forbids chalices aud patens of wood.
19. Orders that water be mixed with the wine in the chalice, but that there be twice as much wine as water.
30. Orders all due res|iect lo the see of Rome, and enacts penalties against those who cause the death of Christiaus by enchantments.
See Mansi, Concil. ix, 438.
II. The second council convened in October. 1076. The pope's legates, with several German lords and some bishops, as.sembled in council, debated concerning the deposition of the emperor Henry IV, in consequence of wliich he passed into Italy, and, after the most humil- iating concessions, obtained absolution from the pope, Jan. 25, 1077. See JVIansi, Coiicil. x, 355. — Landon, Man- ual of Councils, s. V.
Tribute (prop. Op, ^opof), an impost which one prince or state agrees, or is compelled, to pay to anoth- er, as the purchase of peace or in token of dependence. Ill the Scriptures we find three forms of this require- ment. See T.\x.
I. Native. — The Hebrews acknowledged no other sov- ereign than God ; and in Exod. xxx, 12, 16, we find they were required to pay tribute unto the Lord, to give an offering of half a shekel to "make an atonement for
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their souls." The native kings and judges of the He- brews did not exact tribute. Solomon, indeed, at the begiiuiing of liis reign, levied tribute from the Canaan- ites and others who remained in the land and were not of Israel, and compelled ihem to hard servitude (1 Kings ix, "21-"2o; "2 Chron. viii, 9); but the children of Israel were exempted from that imi)ost, and employed in the more honorable dejjartments and offices of his kingdom. Towards the end of his reign, however, he appears to have inijiosed tribute upon the Jews also, and to have compelletl them to work upon the public buildings (1 Kings V, 13. 14; ix. lo; xi, I'T). This had the effect of gradually alienating their minds, and of |)roducing that discontent which alterwards resulted in o|ien revolt un- der Jeroboam, son of Nebat. " Thy father made our yoke grievous," said the Israelites to Kehoboam ; " now, therefore, make thou the grievous service of thy fatlier and his heavy yoke which he put upon us lighter, and we will serve thee" (xii, 4). See Assiiss.Miixr.
II. Foreign. — The Israelites were at various times subjected to heavy taxes and tributes by their conquer- ors. After Judiea was retiuced to a Koman province, a new poll of the people and an esti- mate of their substance were taken, by com- mand of Augustus, in order that he might more correctly regulate the tribute to be exact- ed (Josephus, A nt. xvii, 15). This was a capi- tation-tax levied at so much a head, and im- posed upon all males from fourteen, and all females from twelve, up to sixty-five years of age (Ulpian, Dir/est. de Censih. lib. iii ; Fischer, De ytimism. Census). See Taxing.