2. Gad.— On the south, following the northern line of Keuben from the Jordan to the eastern boundary of the trans-Jordanic tribes (at Jebeiha); thence north by east alonii the eastern boundary of the trans-Jordaiiic tribes (around the noithern brow of Jebel Zerl^a) (to a point op- posite Jerash [Gerasa] between Jebel Zerl^a and Jebel Kaflvafka) ; thence in a north-westerly direction across the region ofGilead (Josh, xiii, 25, 31), passing nearMaha- naim (ver. 26, 30) (Mahneh), to the soutliern extremity of the sea of Ciiuiereth (sea of Galilee) (ver. 27), with the Jordan for the western boundary.
3. Manasaeh East. — On the south, following the north- ern line of Gad to its intersection with the eastern boun- dary of the trans-Jordanic tribes (at the openinn; of the valley between Jebel Zerka and Jei)el Kafkafka, with the plain lyini,' east of the latter) ; thence mirth-easterly al(>ng the boundary of the trans-Jordanic tribes (in a direct line acros^5 the last-named plain, over the northern end of Jebel es-Zumle, and partly across the plain of the Ilauran), and again along tlie same boundary with a northerly and north-westerly curve through the phdn of Bashau (Josh, xiii, 30) (i.e. the Haurau), so as to include Edrei (which may he Draa or Dera) (ver. 31), and so on north-westerly to the vicinity of Mount Hermon (ver. 11) (i. e. Jebel esh- Sheikh, where the northern line probably followed the l)resent boundaries of the Arab clans along the top of the Hermon range to its, junction with Wady el-Teim at Has- beiyah) ; where it joined the northern boundary of the cis-Jordauic tribes at the "entrance into Haniath" (Numb, xxxiv, 8) ; thence southerly along the somces of the Jor- dan (down Nahr el-Banias and its brook), through the l.die of Merinn, the upper Jordan, and the sea of Galilee, to the place of beginning (ver. 10-12).
4. Jiidah. — On the south, the southerly boundary of Canaan, beginning on the border of Edom, at ttie sonth- ern bay of the Dead Sea, southward (alona; theGlior) ))ast the ascent of Acrabbini, near the desert of Ziii (the Wndy el-Jeib or the Arabah), to the vicinity of Kadesh-barnea (Ain-weibeh or Ain-hasb) (Josh, xv, 1-3 ; Nninb. xxxiv, 2-4): thence westward to Hezron, along the sonthei'u Ixiundary of Canaan (perhap.s through vV;idy Pikreh) (where we nuiy assign a location) to Adarof H.izai-addar ; thence westerly around (perhai)S by wadies Maderah and Marreh) to Karkaa (perhaps in this latter), then still westerly to Azrnon (possibly in the vicinity south of the ancientEhisa) : thence north-westerly (perhaps by Wady en-Abiya) to " the river of Eirypt" (or Ei-.\rish), and so on to the Mediterranean, which formed the western boundary of Palestine (Josh, xv, 3, 4, 12 ; Numb, xxxiv, 4, 6). See
X,-M 31
Qxiar. Statement of " Pal. Explor. Fuud," p. 6S sq. ; April, 1S74, p. 6S, S2 ; July, 1S74, p. 190.
On the north, beginning at the northern bay of the Dead Sea (which formed the eastern boundary), where the .Tordan empties into it (see this whole line in Josh. XV, ■'i-12, and inversely in xviii, 14-20); obliquely across the plain of the .Jordiin to Beth-hoglah ( Ain'-hajla), thence to Beth-arabah (at first included, but afterwards excluded) (hence situated probably at the present Kusr Hajla); thence to the stone of Bohan (apparently very near the last place, and on the eminences in the side of Wady Dabns); thence (westerly) in the direction of Debir (which must therefore be placed on the west side of Wady Dabus [near its head], which last the bonndary crossed, as expressed by coming) from the valley of Aclior, thence northward towards Gilgal or Geliloth (which is explained as being in front of the ascent to Adummim (apparently lying on the hills skirting the Jordan just west of Gilgal, to which the access woidd be by the valley on the south side of Jebel el-Pasca; Adummim [probably at ed-Deni near es-Sumreh] beiuir further described as lying on the south side of the "river," probably Wady Kelt); thence to the waters of En-shemesh (probably the " fountain of the apostles," on the road between Bethany and Jericho); thence (across the Mount of Olives by way of Bethany) to En-rogel (the well of Job near Jerusalem); thence around the valley of Ilinnom (but at a later date across Mount Moriah, which David purchased, and north of Je- bns, which he conquered, and thus acquired both for Ju- dah), through the valley of Gihou to the hill at its north- western end, boundino; the plain or valley of Rephaim west of the city; thence alonj? the ridire of this elevated plain or "hill" to the fountain of Nephtoah (probably 'Ain Y:"do in Wady el-Werd, which last it probably fol- lowed after crossing the "giants' plaiu ;" for it must have bent considerably to the south, since it passed near Rachel's sepulchre, now Kubbet Rahil, between Jerusa- lem and Bethlehem [I Sam. x, 2]) ; thence in the direction of Mount Ephrou (lying considerably northward of this vicinity, although among its "cities" may properly have been reck<med Kirjath-jearim; this line being probably carried through Wady Bittir, then by Wady Sataf, due north) to Kirjath-jearim (otherwise Baalah or Kirjath- baal) (now Kuryet el-Euab); thence west (across the in- tervening valley occupied by the Beni-melik in the di- rection of Yalo) to the rid<re of Seir (perhaps indicated by the modern Saris); thence (south-westerly along this mountain) to a more southern spur called Mount Jearim (just across Wady Ghurab), where is located (Kesia, the representative of) Chesalon (or Chesulloth) ; thence (still keepiucr south-westerly ahnig the same range of hills, be- tween Zanoah [ZaiH"ia], andZorah [Sura], the last of which was afterwards assigned to Dan, wiih several other cities on this part of the boundary [Josh, xix, 41 sq.]) to En- sheniesh (or Ir-sheniesh ) (now Ain-shems); thence (a little south of Wady Surar) near Timnath (Tibneh) and Ekroii ('Akir) (the last three towns being fiinilly reck- oned as belonging to Dan), and so on to the Mediterra- nean, passing successively Shicron (perhaps Beil-sit), next Monnt Baalah (possibly Tell Hermes), and finally Jabneel (elsewhere Jabneh [now Yebna]) (but eventually desert- ing the Nahr Rubin a little l)eyond its junction with Wady Marubah, and ruimin>; thence sonth-west so as to include Gederah [Gheterah], but exclude Jabneh and Bene-berak [Bnrka], reaching the sea by Wady Snmt).