6. Rites typical were : circumcision, various sacrifices, and sundry purifications.
6. Places typical were : the land of Canaan, the cities of refuge, the tabernacle, and the temple.
The above types were designed to shadow forth Christ and tlie blessings of his salvation ; but there were others also which pointed at our miseries without him. There were ceremonial uiicleannesses : the leprosy, for instance, was a type of our natural pollution. — Kilto.
See Michaelis, Entwurfder typischen Gottesyelahrtheit (Gott. 1763) ; Keach, Tropoloyia, p. 225-237 ; Suicer, Thesuur. ii, 1337; Mather, Types of the Old Test. (Loud. 1705) ; Biihr, Symbolik des mosaischen C'ultus (Heidelb, 1837, 2 vols.); Chevallier, llulsean Lecture for 1820; Fairbairn, The Typology of Scripture (Edinb. 1854, 2 vols.) ; and other works cited by Darling, Cyclop. Bibli- off. col. 1803 sq., and by Malcom, Theol. Index, s. v. See Messiah.
Typhoeus=TYPHON (q. v.).
Typhon {Typhos, Typhoem, Typhoevs, and Typha- on), in Greek mythology, was a monster of remote an- tiquity, at one time thought to have been a destructive gale of wind, at another time represented as a giant of
TYPHRESTUS
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the earth, ejecting volcanic flames. Homer places him in the country of Arim, buried in the earth, wliich Jupiter strikes with lightning, llesiod represents 'ly- phaon and Typhoeiis as two dift'tTont and distinct be- ings. Tvphaon is the son of Typlioens, a mighty wind, who with I'^chidiia begets I lie dog Ortlirus, Cerbe- rus, the Lern;van hydra, and Cl)im:era. I'yphocus is the youngest son of Tartarus and (ia^a, with one hun- dred dragon-heads, frightfully sparkling eyes, and hid- eous voice. He attempted to gain sovereignty over gods and men, but Juiiiter bound him with lightning, and he now lies tnider .Etna. In Egyptian mythologv Tvphon is the (iroek name for the evil spirit repre- sented by the dog-star, originally the influence that brought to Ivgypt the blessing of a yearly overflow of the banks of the river Nile, without which the country could not flourish. When the worship of Isis and Osi- ris came into practice, the dog-star was designed to be the destroyer of the life of nature by heat, and now Typhou became an evil god, whose names and titles upon monuments were destroyeil, because he was be- lieved to be the enemy and persecutor of Osiris (q. v.). Typhon owned Nephthys as his wife, who by him gave birth to Annbis. His real Egyptian name is stated differently as Set or Sutekh. — VoUmer, Wijrterb. d. My- thoh s. V.
Typhrestus, in Greek inytholngy, was the son of Sperehius, after whom a city in the Trachinian province was named.
Typicum (Gr. Tuttikov'), a Greek term for (1) a book of rubrics; ("2) a selection from the Psalter; (3) a Siuiday service in the Oriental Church. — Lee, Gloss, of Liturg. Terms, s. v.
Tyr, in Norse mythology, is one of the supreme deities of Northern antiquity, a son of Odin and Frigga, and brother of Thor. As the god of boldness, wisdom, and strength, he was implored by the Heldians as well as by the Skaldians for his favor, and was worshipped with Thor and Odin. At the end of the world he will combat with the hell-dog Garm, and each will kill the other. Several antiquarians are inclined to identify him with Tuiscon.
Tyran'nus {Tvpavroc, sovereign), the name of a man in whose school or place of audience Paul taught the Gospel for two years, during his sojourn at Ephesus (see Acts xix, 9). A. D. hi, .53. The halls or rooms of the philosophers were called (rxo^ai- among the later Greeks (Liddell and Scott, s. v.) ; and as Luke applies that term to the auditorium in this instance, the pre- sumption is that Tyrannus himself was a Greek, and a public teacher of philosopliy or rhetoric. He and Paul must have occupied the room at ditferent hours; whetli- er he hired it out to the Christians or gave them the use of it (in either case he must have been friendly to them) is left uncertain. Meyer is disposed to consider that Tyrannus was a Jewish rabbi, and the owner of a private synagogue or house for teaching ('ir"i7*0 ""'3). But, in the first place, his Greek name, and the fact that he is not mentioned as a Jew or proselyte, disagree with that supposition ; and, in the second place, as Paul re- paired to this tnan's school after having been compelled to leave the Jewish synagogue (Acts xix, 9), it is evi- dent that he took this course as a means of gaining ac- cess to the heathen ; an object whicli lie would natural- ly seek through the co-operation of one of their own number, and not by associating himself with a Jew or a Gentile adherent of the Jewish faith. In speaking of him merely, as a certain Tyrannus (Tvpdi'vov rti'oc), Luke indicates cei^tainly that he was not a believer at first; thongli it is natural enough to think that he may have become such as the result of his acquaintance with the apostle. Hemsen (Der Apostil Pitul/is, p. 21S) throws out the idea that tlie hall may have belonged to the authorities of the city, and have derived its name from the original proprietor. — Smith. Sec Seelen, Be
Scholn Tyranni, in his Meditt. Exeg. ii, 615 sq. ; Wallen, Acta f'aiili Ephesiii. (Gryph. l7vS3). See Pall.