Kali (after the figure in Colemau's Mythology of the Ilin- dim).
Umbraculum (a little shade), an altar canopy, more generally called the cihorium (q. v.).
Umbreit, Friedrich Wii.hei,m Carl, an eminent doctor and professor of theology of Germany, was born April 11, 17il.5, at Sonneborii,ncar Gotha. He studied at Gottingen, where Eichhorn instructed him in Oriental languages. In 1818 he took his degree as doctor of phi- losophy, and commenced his academical career as a pri- vate lecturer at Gottingen. In 1820 he was called to Heidelbergasprofessorof theology and philosophy, where he became intimately connected with Ullmann, Rot he,and others; and where he also died, April 26, 1860. Umbreit possessed a poetical nature, and was, as he himself ac- knowledged, unfit for ecclesiastico- political questions. His piety had nothing to do with dogmatical hairsplit- ting; his faith in the living personal God, as he revealed himself in Christ, his Son, and in the immortality— these were the only positions which he would not suffer to be attacked. He wrote, Commentatio exhibens Histor. Emi- 7-orum al Omruk ex Abulfeda (Gott. 1816): — Koheleths, des 7ceisen Konigs, iSeelenkampf (Gotha, 181 8) : — Coheleth Scepticvs de fStimmo Bono (ibid. 1820): — Was bkibtf Zeilgemdsse Betrachlwiigen des Konigs vnd Predigers Sa- lomo, etc.( 1 1 amhurg, 1849) : — Salomons Lied von der Liebe ((Jiitt. 1820; 2d eel. Heidelberg, 1828): — Erinnenntg an das l]oh<-lied{\\ eidelberg, 1839) -.—Das Buck IJiob (ibid. 1824 ; 2d ed. 1832) : — Commentar iiber die Sp7-ijche Salo- mos (ibid. 1826): — De Veteris Testam. Prophetis, Cla- riss. Antiqniss. Temporis Oratoribtis (ibid. ]8o3): — Christl. Eibaunng ans dem Psalter (Hamburg. 1835; 2d e,|. 1848) :—Der Knecht Goiles (ibid. \8AQ):—Practischer Commentar iiber die Prophctiii des alien Biitides (ibid. 1841-46,4 vols.; Daniel atid Jonah are wanting) : — Die Sihide, Beitrag znr Theologie des A. T. (Gotha, 18o3) : — Der Brief an die Homer, aufdem Grunde des A . J'. au.<i- gelegt (ibid. 1806). Besides these works, he wrote con- tributions to the Studien nnd Kritiken, Herzog's Real- Encyklop.. etc. See Zuchold, /)W. Theolog. ii. 1367; Fiirst, Bibl. .lud. iii, 459; Kitto, Cgclop. s. v.; Herzog, Peal- Encgklop. Tivi, (V28 sq.; Theolog. Universal- Lex. s. v.; Schenkel, Allgem. kirchiiche Zeitschrift, 1860, vi,
UMBRELLA
631
UNCIRCUMCISED
11 sq. ; Miihlhauser, in the Neue evangel. Kirchenzei- tung, 1860, p. 23; Zittel, in tlie Allgemeine Kirchenzeitung, 1860. p. 54; Winer, Handbuch der fkeolug. Literufur, i, 11, 82, 206, 212, 213, 215; ii, 355; \Y\<isie\, Geschichte des A . T. in der christl. Kirche (Jena, 1869), p. 658, 666, 668 sq., 774, 784 : Kurtz, Lehrbnch der Kirchengeschichte (Mi- tau, 1874), ii, 316. (B. P.)
Umbrella, in ecclesiastical ceremony, is borne over bishops and priests during s<ilemn processions at coun- cils, and at other high solemnities, especially during processions of the blessed sacrament. The name was also applied to a kind of baldacchiiio of red velvet, with golden summits, erected in 1550 over the altar of Win- chester College. See Lee, Gloss, of Liturg. Terms, s. v. ; Walcf)tt, Sac. A rchieol. s. v.
Um'mah (Heb. Ummah', flSj-', miion, as often; Sept, 'Afijid V. r. 'Ap\t.oji or 'A|OX'''/^,Vulg. ^1 mmci), a town of the tribe of Asher, mentioned between Achzib and Aphek (Josh, xix, 30). Its site was evidently unknown to Eusebius and Jerome (Onomast. s. v. " Amma"). Dr. Thomson suggests {Bibllotheca Sacra, 1855, p. 822) that it may be the modern village A alum, situated on the coast about five miles E.N.E. of Ras en-Nakurah, and described by him as a large ruin with excellent water and tig-trees {^Land and Book, ii, 156). The Kefr A m- mieih suggested by Keil (Commenl. ad loc.) is quite be- yond the boundaries of the tribe.
Umuruk, a title of the Chaldaean goddess Belit.
Umvin, John Harding, a Welsh Congregational minister, was born at lleldrith, Jan. 6, 1818, and com- menced his ministry with village preaching. Eind- ing Beltliom a prosperous field for labor, he settled with that people, erected a commodious chapel, and built up a large congregation. His ujjrightness of character and consistent walk in life won for him a large circle of true friends. He died April 11, 1867. See (Lond.) Cong. Year-booh, 1868, p. 297.
Unam Sanctam {the one holy. i. e. Church) is the name of tlie famous papal bull published Nov. 18, 1.302, so called from its first two words. In this the memora- ble statement occurs, " We declare, define, and pronounce that subjection to the Roman pontiff' is for every hu-
proach of him, robs him of his glory, is a contradiction to his will, and a contempt of liis authority." The causes of unbelief are Satan, ignorance, pride, and sen- suality. The danger of it is great ; it hardens the heart, tills with presumption, creates impatience, deceives with error, and finally exposes to condemnation (John iii, 11). Naturalistic unbelief is that which is indifferent and opposed to revelation. The unbelief of reason is the making our reason independent of its own needs — the re- mmciation of the faith of reason. See Charnock, Works, ii, 601; Case, Sermons, ser. 2; Porteus, Sermons, vol. i, ser. 2 ; Owen, Reasons of Faith ; Hannam, Compendium, ii, 26; Churchill, J'Jssay on Unbelief; Buck, Theol. Diet, s. V. ; Fleming and Krauth,l'oc«6. of Phil. Sciences, s. v.
Unbloody Sacrifice, a theological terra to desig- nate the holy sacrifice of the altar.