(2.) Tense-forms of Verbs. — (a.) Of the same verb: Luke i, 31, o-i»XX7jjlii^»; (A, B, X, C, D) ; James iii, 1, Xriji- \poixt^a (A, B, X, C), Xri^pofiESra (K, L, P) ; John ix, 10, r]vewx^>]<^av (B, X, C, D, E, F, G, H, L, M, X), aveo)- X^n'^av (A, K, U, H) ; Acts xii, 10, ryvoiy}] (A, B, X, D), nvoix^t] (E, H, L, P) ; Matt, v, 21, Eppn^i] (B, D, E, K), EppiSrri (X, L, M, S, U, A, D) ; Rev. xiv, 13, ai'airarjaov- Tai (A, X, C, B), avatravaoivTai (P) ; Acts x, 45, (tvvtjX- Srav (B, X), awnXSrov (A, D, E, H, L, P) ; ver. 39, avu- Xai' (A, B, X, C, D, E), avnXov (H, L, P) ; 1 John ii, 19, e^n^^av (A, B, C), t?»A^oi' (K, L, P) ; Luke iii, 22, »;v-- coKrjffa (A, E, G, H, L, S, U, X, P, A), evSoKTjaa (B, X, F, K, M, U, A, n). (b.) Interchange of tenses or modes where either might seem apposite : John vi, 37, sKpa^tv (B, L, T, X), (KpaZfv (X, D); Luke xx, 19, f^j/rrjcraj' (A, B, X, L, R), (Zr]T0vy (C, D) ; John vii, 29, airtaTHXiv (B, L, T), aivE(JTaXKtv (X, D) ; ver. 19, SeSioksv (X, L, T, r. A, n), (S(^KH' (B, D, H, n=); Matt, ix, 19, 7]ko- Xov^Ei (X, C. D), T}KoXovSr7]ffei' (B, F, G, K, L, S, U, X, A, n); John iv, 17, tnrec (B, X), nirac (A, C, D, L) ; viii, 39, inrav (B, X, C, D), eittov (L, T, X, P, A, A); ii, 28, ffX'onEv (A, B, X^ C, P), Exi^fitv (X, K, L) ; viii, 39, £<Tr£ (B, X, D, L, T), tjte (C, X, P, A, A, H) ; (c.) Inter- change of the same tense from different verbs of like signification : Acts ix, 26, tTrnpnL,iv (A, B, X, C), ettii- paTO (E, H, L, P) ; Mark i, 26 (part.), <ptovi](Tav (B, X, L), KpaKav (A, C, D, P, A, H).
(3.) Of case forms there are some variations; as Matt. xxvi, 52, ixax'npr] (A, B, X, C), jxaxatpn {W, D, P, A, n) ; Luke xxiv, 1, /Sa^ewf (A, B, X, C, D, G, H, L), i8a5foc (E, K, P, S,U,V).
(4.) Exchange of terms so nearly equivalent as to be used indifferently in certain connections: INIatt. xii, 48; XV, 12; xvii, 20, and xix, 21, XiyEiv (earlier), eitteiv (later); xxii, 37, 0ai'«t (earlier), «i;r£(v (later): Mark xiv, 31, XaXfti' (earlier), Xeyjiv (later); John xiv, 10, XEytw (earlier), XciXeu' (later). So interchanged are
VARIOUS HEADINGS
(22
VARIOUS READINGS
fyspBiiQ and hiyepBiii;, Matt, i, 24 ; fyfpS'/j and avaartj, xvii, 9; avaaTr]rai and tytp^i]vai, Luke ix, 22; rfK^tv {v attached) and aiii}\it, Matt, xiv, 25; i]\^ov and airrik^ov, Luke xxiii, 33 ; atriK^ttv and ttEXSetJ', Acts xvi, 39 ; Xiyuvai and tiirov. Matt, xiii, 28. Tliese words, so nearly equivalent in the connection, might readily be confounded in copying.
(5.) The same is true of forms nearly equivalent in sense ; as ovCt and ovt(. wc and Kci^wg, Acts x, 47 ; wffn and mi;, .John xix, 14 ; Luke i, u(i; wg and loffinp, 2 Cor. i, 7 ; ^f.YP' '''"'^' "^^■'' Luke xvi, !(!; tdog ov and awf t)^ol^ xii, 50, the former only in the later uncials, the lat- ter in the older and some of the later. It is true, also, of other ecjuivalents in sense ; as John xiv, 31, ivt- TtiXaro (A, X, D), and h'toX7]v tSioKiv (B, L) : having the same meaning, they might easily be confounded in copying.
(6.) Familiar contractions (crasis) abounding in oral speech, and often passing into written language; com- mon in the earlier MSS., and often resolved in the later : John viii, on, icc'ti> (B, N, D), kcu tav (A, C, L) ; 1 Cor. ii, 3, (cayw (A, B, N, C, P), Kai tyu (D, E, F, G, L) ; John xiv, IG, Kayuj (B, N, D, Q), Km £yw (A, L, X) ; ver. 21, Kayw (B, N, D, G, L), kui lyto (A, E, H, K).
(7.) Interchange of the minor connectives : Acts iv, 14, TOf Tt (A, B, S, D'), Toi' ds (P); x, 48, Trpocrsra^tv ct (B, N, E), TrpoatTaKtv n (A, H, L, P) ; Mark i,28, K<n tKiiX^ev (B, X, C, D), t^jjX^g ve (A, F, U).
(8.) Pronominal forms inserted without affecting the sense: Matt, xx, 23, poi> (after tinovvfiioi'); xix, 28, vfiHQ (after r-« JicrEff^f) ; Rev. xiv, 13, /xoi (after Xeyov- fffjc)- Specially frequent is the insertion of avTog in an oblifjue case: Acts xi, 13, rturoi (after inrovrct), and xii, 9 (after jjkoXov^^i) ; Matt. xxv. 4, avrioi' (after ay- yfto(e), and v, 6 (after mrai'Trjan') ; xxvi, 17, avrio (after XtyovTig), and xxvii, 22 (after Xeyovaii'). An in- structive case of presumed addition, but more probably of unauthorized omission, occurs in the last clause but one of Luke xii, 53. The omission of the pronoun in the four preceding clauses, where the nearer relation of the parties makes it unnecessary, may have occasioned its omission here, where it is required by the more re- mote relation. Its accidental or misjudged omission being more probable tlian its unauthorized insertion, the testimony of A, B, S"^, D in its favor should outweigh that of N, A, which yet determined Tischendorf to omit it. Tregelles properly retains it here, and as properly omits it in the next clause (with B, D, L against A, T, X), the relation being already expressed. It is note- worthy that the whole passage, as thus read, is striking- ly marked by Luke's characteristic conciseness and pre- cision of expression.