Villiers {de Vile de Man), Philippe de, grand- master of the Knightsof Rhodes, gnnulsiin of tlie French marshal Jean de, was born at Heauvais in 14()4. He was at first grand-hospitaller of the order, later (1513) ambassador to the king, and on Jan. 22, 1521. was elect- ed grand-master in place of Caretto. It was a time of great exigency with the order. See Hosi'itai.i-khs. At the falling of the island into the hands of the Turks, he secured the retreat of his brave followers (Jan. 1, 1523\ whom he transferred to jNIalta, and died there, Aug. 22, 1534. See Hoefer, Noitr. Biog. Gmerale, s. v.
Villiers, Pierre de, a French w riter, was bom at Cognac, ;May 10, 1048, of a Parisian family. After ear- ly study he entered the Jesuitical order (1060), and afterwanls that of St. Benedict (1689), and finally be- came prior of St. Taurin. He died at Paris, Oct. 14, 1728, leaving a number of theological works, for which see Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
ViHoldo, Juan ue, a Spanish painter, flourished in Toledo in the first part of the 10th century. In 1508 he began the painting of several pictures for the ilozar- ahic Chapel, in the cathedral, which, with some assist- ance, he finished in 1510. In 1547 he was employed by the bishop of Placentia to adorn a chapel, which he had rebuilt, with a series of forty-five pictures in sacred his- tory, from the fall of Adam to the death of Christ. These works have been commended for their purity of stvle and correctness of desigu. He finished the chap- el in 1548. He is supposed to have died about 1551. See Spooner, Bio'j. Hist, of the Fine A rts, s. v,
Villotte, Jacques, a French missionary, was born at Bar-le-Duc, Nov. 1, 1656. In 1073 he entered the
Order of the Jesuits, and, after teaching for some time, was sent (1()88) to America, where (Aug. 15, 1091) be took the four monastic vows. After zealous labors there, he set out on his return to France (Oct. 29, 1708), stopping to report at Home ( 1709 ), and finally took charge of diflerent colleges of the order till his death, which occurred at St. N'ii olas, near Nancy, Jan. 14, 1743. He left some religious works, which are enumerated in Hoefer, Nuuv, Biog, Generale, s. v.
Vilmar, Augusi- Fuiedijich Ciihistiax, a German doctor an<l jirofessctr of theology, was born Nov.21, 1800, at Stolz, in Kur-IIesse. He studied theology and i)hi- lology at IMarburg, and for a number of years he was professor at the Marburg (iymnasium. In 1850 he was called as member of consistory t<) Cassel, aud here he was one of the main sujiporters of the IIassen])flug re- gime. After the fall of the latter in 1855, Vilmar be- came professor of theology at Marburg, and lectured mainly on dogmatics, practical exegesis, and pastoral theology. He died July 30, 1808. \\'e caunot enter here fully into the Clnirch history of HeSvse, with which Vilmar became connected under the Hassenpflugadmin- istratiou. Of his writings we mention, De Genitivi Casus Syntaxi quum Prabeat Uarmonia Ecangeliorum, S(i.rn- nica Dialecto S(ecula IX Conscripta, Commtnfutio (Mar- burg, 1834): — Die I'/ieologie der Thntsachen tvider die Theologie der Rhetorik (ibid. 1854; 3d ed. 1857) : — Spi- cilegiiim 1 1 ymnolugicunt (ibid. eod. ): — Geschiclite d<s Confessionsstandes der evangel. Kirche in flessen, etc. (ibid. 1800) : — Deutsche A Iterlhiimer iin lleliund als Ein- kleidung der evangelischen Geschichle (ibid. 1862): — Die hpssische Kirchenordnung von 1657 in ihrem Zu- sammenhange und ihrer Bedeutung flir die Gegenirart (Frankfort, 1807). After his death were published. Die augsh. Confession erkldrt, ed. Piderit (Giitersloh, 1870) -.—Die Lehre rom gtistl. Amte (Marburg, 1870) : — Theologische Moral,(n\. Israel (Giitersloh, 1871,3 vols.) : — Von der christl. Kirchenzucht (Marburg, 1872): — Lehrhiich der Pastoralllieologie, ed. Pi<ierit (Giitersloh, 1872) -.—DogmaHk (ibid. 1874-75, 2 vols.) :—Predig1en V. geistliche Reden (^larburg, 1876): — Collegium Bibii- cnm. Prakiiscfie Erkldrnng der heiligen Schrifi des A lien II. Neuen Testaments, ed. Chr. Miillcr ((iiitersloh, 1879, vol. i). See Vilmar's autobiography in Strieder's (Jriind- lage eine.r hessischen Gelehrten-Geschichte (Cassel, 1803), i, 119-140; T/ieulog. Unirersal-Lexikon, S.V.; Zuchold, Bibl. Theolog. ii, 1391 ; Literarischer //andweiser fur das kathul. Deutsc/iland, IH(\S, p. 402 ; .Schiirer, 77/co%. Literuturzeitung (Leipsic, 1870), p. 82, 252; 1880, p, 73 sq. (B.P.)
Vincent of Beauvais {Belloi-acensis), snrnamed tha /Speculator, \\\ei\ in the former half of the loth cen- tury, and was contemporary with Alexander Hales, and Thomas Aquinas, etc. He was educated in Burgundy, became a Dominican monk and a realist in phil(isoi)hv. His fame as a teacher aud a preacher was such that Louis IX commanded his presence and entered into per- manent relations with him. He probably died in 1204. Viucent obtaiued a literary celebrity through his ency- clop,Tdic works (Specula), which contain a survey of the state of learning, particularly in the department of philosophy, iu that day; and wliich manifest a sur- prising range of reading on the part of the author, and possess great value for the stiuiy of the progress of learning. The principal work. Speculum Mnjus, has three divisions: (I) Speculum Naturale, including all natural science ; (2) Speculum Doctrinale, embracing philosophy, grammar, dialectics, logic, rhetoric, ethics, mathematics, physics, medicine, chemistry, alchemy, etc.; (3) Speculum Ilistoriale, which deals with uni- versal history from the creation to the year 1204. A fourth part, Speculum Afoi-(de, is spurious. The Specu- lum Majus was first )iublished at Strasburg in 1473, and afterwards frequently, in Latin and also in French anil Dutch translations. The four Specula were pu'olished under the title Spec. Quadriiflex (Duaei, 1024), liy the