Et statuit super petram pedes meos; et diiexit gressus ineos. Et iinniisit in os nieuni cauticum novum:
hymuum Deo iiostro.
GaIXICAN PSAI.TKU.
Quoniam videbo coelos * tuos " opera digito- rum tuoruiu ;
lunam et steUas qiise t tu " fiindasti.
Quid est homo, qitod niemor es ejus?
aut liliiis hominis, quoniam visitas eiini ?
Miriuisti eum paulo minus ab aiigelis ;
gloria et honore corouasti eum,
t et " constituisli eum super opera raaiiuum tuaruin.
Exspectans exspectavi Domiuum:
et intendit mihi ; et t ex " audivit prec.es meas ; et eduxit me de lacu miseriae, t et " de luto fiecis. Et statuit super petram pedes meos; t et " direxit gi'essus meos. Et immisit in os nieum cauticum novum:
carmen Deo uostro.
PsA. xvi (xv), 8-11 (AoTS ii, 2.'5-28). Providebam Duminum iu couspectu meo sem- Providebam Dominuni in conspectu meo sem-
per, quoniam a dextiis est mihi, ne commovear. Propter hoc delectatum est cor meum, et exsultavit lingua mea : insuper et caro mea reqniescet in spe.
per,
quoiiiain a dextris est mihi, ne commovear. Propter hoc Irvtatvm est cor meum, et exsultavit lingua mea: t insuper ' et caio mea requiescet iu spe.
Quoniam U(m deieliuques nnimain meam in Quouiani non dereliiiques animam meam iu
inferno (-uni) ; nee ilabis Sanctum tuum videre corruptionem. Nolas niibi I'ecisti vias vitie: adimplebis me lietitia rum vultu tno: delectaiioues in dextra tua, usque iu tlneni.
iiferno;
nee ilabis Sanctum tuum videre corrnptiouem. Nolas mihi fecisti vias vitie: adimplebis me Uetitia cum vultu tuo: deleclationes in dextera tua t usque " in fliiem.
(ITody, p. 383, "in una Roma; Vaticana ecclesia, et ex- tra urbem in Mediolamnsi et in ecclesia <!?. .l/<//7v,Vene- tiis"). In a short time " the old error prevailed over the new correction," and, at the urgent request of Paula
How far he thought change really necessary will ap- pear from a comparison of a few verses of his transla- tion from the Hebrew with the earlier revised Septua- gintal translations :
Psa. xxxiii (xxxiv), 12-10 (1 Pet. iii, 10-12).
Ot.i) Lati>'.
Qui* est homo qui vult vilam, ct ciipil videre dies bonos '; Cohibr lingu:im tuam a malo: et labia tua ne loquaiitur dolum. iJerirti' a malo et fac bonum: iiKiuiie pacem et xequere earn. Oculi Domini sujierjustos ef atires ej\is ad pieces eorum. Vultus Domini super fatientes mala.
Vdi.gatic. Quis est homo qui vult vitam, diligit dies videre bonos? Prohibe linguam tuaiii a malo: et labia tua ne loquaiitur doiiiin. J>ivcne a malo et fac boiiiun : inquire pacem, et jiemequere earn. Ofuli Domini super justos er auros ejus in pieces eoium.
Jukomk's Tbansl. (frrmi tlw Ueb.). Quis est vir qui velit vitam diligent dies videre bonos? Cv-fitodi linguam tuam a malo, et labia tua ne loquantur dolum. Jiece.de a malo et fac bonum : qucpre pacein et i)ersequeie cam. Oculi Domini rtrfjustos et aures ejus ad clamorefi eorum,
Vultus autem Domini super facieutes Vultus Domini super fucieutes ma- uialu. lum.
VULGATE
829
VULGATE
PsA. xxxix (xl),6-8 (Hei!. X, 5-10).
Sacrificinni et oblationem iioluisti: Sacrilicium et oblationeni noluisii:
avircfi autem perfecisti mihi. aiires autem pert'ecisti mihi.
Holocausta etiain pro delicto non pos- Holocaustum et pro peccato nou pos-
tulasti. tulasti:
Ttiucdixi: Ecce veiiio. Tnncdixi: Ecce venio.
lu cnpite libri scriptum est de me In capita libri scriptnm est de me,
wtfaciain voluiitatem tuam. wifacereni voluiitatem tuam.
Victivia ct oblatione non indiges :
mnen fodisti mihi.
Holocauistum et pro peccato uon 2>e-
tisti. Tniic (lixi: Kcce venio. In voliiniine lil)ri sciipinm est de me, ut facerem placiturn tibi.
PsA. xviii (xix), 5 (Rom. x, 18).
Ill omnem terram exiit soniis eonim: In omnem terram exivit souus eo- In Mnwcr.snm terram exivit sonus eo- et iu finibus orbis terrae verba eoruin. nun : rum :
et iu fines orbis terrae verba eoriim. et in finem orbis verba eorum.
Numerous manuscripts remain which contain the Latin Psalter in two or more forms. Thus Bibl. Bodl. Laud. 35 (10th century?) contains a triple Psalter — (iallican, Roman, and Hebrew ; Coll. C. C. Oxon. xii (loth cen- tury), Galilean. Roman, Hebrew; ibid.x (14th century), Galilean, Hebrew, Hebrew text with interlinear Latin ; Brit. Mits. Harl. (543, a double Psalter, Galilean and He- brew; ibid.Arund. 155 (11th century), a Roman Psalter with Galilean corrections; Cull. SS. Trin. Camhr. R. 17. 1, a triple Psalter, Hebrew, Galilean, Roman ( 12th cen- tury) ; ibid. R. 8, 6, a triple Psalter, the Hebrew text with a peculiar interlinear Latin version, Jerome's He- brew, Galilean. An example of the unrevised Latin, which, indeed, is not very satisfactorily distinguished from the Roman, is found with an Anglo-Saxon inter- linear version, Univ. Libr. Cambr. Ff. i, 23 (11th cen- tury). H.Stephens published a Quinmplex Psalterium, Gnlliciim, Rhoinaicum, Ihbraicum, Vetus, Conciliatum (Paris, 1513), but he does not mention the manuscripts from which he derived his texts.
From the second ((Jallican) revision of the Psalms Jerome appears to have proceeded to a revision of the other books of the Old Test., restoring all, by the help of the Greek, to a general conformity with the Hebrew. Ill the preface to the revision of Job, he notices the op- position which he had met with, and contrasts indig- nantly his own labors with the more mechanical occu- pations of monks which excited no reproaches ("Si aut tiscellam junco texerem aut palmarum folia complica- rem . . . nuUiis morderet, nemo reprehenderet. Nunc autem . . . corrector vitiorum falsarius vocor"). Simi- lar complaints, but less strongly expressed, occur in the preface to the books of Chronicles, in which he had re- course to the Hebrew as well as to the Greek, in order to correct the innumerable errors in the names by which both texts were deformed. In the preface to the three books of Solomon (Proverb?, Ecclesiastes, Canticles) he notices no attacks, but excuses himself for neglecting to revise Ecclesiasticus and Wisdom on the ground that "he wished only to amend the canonical Scriptures" ( " tantummodo canonicas Scripturas vobis emendare desiderans"). No other prefaces remain, and the re- vised texts of the Psalter and Job have alone been pre- served ; but there is no reason to doubt that Jerome carried out his design of revising all the "canonical Scriptures" (comp. Ep. cxii, ad August, [cir. A.D. 404], "Quod autem in alils qureris epistolis: cur prior mea in libris canonids Interpretatio asteriscos habeat et virgulas pn-enotatas"). He speaks of this work as a whole in several places (e. g. A dr. Ruf. ii, 24, " Egone contra LXX interpretes aliquid sum locutus, quos ante annos phirimos diligentissime emendatos mere lingiire studiosis dedi?" comp. ibid, ill, 25; Ep. Ixxi, ad Lu- cin., " Septuaginta interpretum editionem et te habere non dubito, et ante annos plurimos [he is writing A.U. 398] diligentissime emendatam studiosis tradidi"), and distinctly represents it as a Latin version of Origen's Hexaplar text (Ep. cvi, ad Sun. et Eret.,"Yja. autem quae habetur in "E^oTrXo^c ^t quam non vertimus"), if, indeed, the reference is not to be confined to the Psalter, which was the immediate sul)ject of discussion. But though it seems certain that the revision was made, there is very great difficulty in tracing its history, and it is remarkable that no allusion to the revision occurs in the preface to the new translation of the Pentateuch,