The provisions of this peace belong to our field only in so far as they involve religious or ecclesiastical in- terests. In these respects they
1. Ordain that the demands of France, Sweden, and Hesse-Ciissel be salislied. This coiitirmed tlie supremacy of Prance over the cities of Metz, Toul, and Verdun, and established it over Alsace and the principality of Hageuati. Sweden obtained jurisdiction over Pomerauia and the archliishopric of Bremen. These arrangemenis involved a transfer of ecclesiastical power also, though with cer- tain exceptions which were iiarticnlarly specitied.
2. Compensate Brandenburg. Meckleuhiiig, and Bruns- WMck-Luiiebuig for territory lust by the arraugenienl made
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to satisfy France, etc., and thereby biing about similar ecclesiastical changes as are above described.
3. Declare a general amnesty and re.-tiuition of ecclesi- astical property. The year 161S was agreed upon as the year to whose conditions a return should be made; but in the application of this rnle important exceptions were made, by which the Roman Catholic party was benefited. A maiority of the electors was secured to this party ; a portiiJii of the Palatinate was transfened to Bavaria in the same interest; and a somewhat similar disposition was made of Badeu-Durlach. In the hereditary states of Austria the amnesty was practically deprived of all ef- fect by the numerous clauses and provisos with which it was hampered. Wdrlemberg, on the other hand, secured the return of all Church property of which it had been de- prived as a Protestant state. Mecklenburg also, and a number of estates which had been excepted from the am- nesty of Prague, were benetited by the Treaty of West- phalia. A special provision ordered that the ecclesiasti- cal status of all adherents to the Augsburg Confession
• should be conformed to the conditions of 1(>24.
4. .\rrange for the removal of occasions for dispute between cluirches. To this end the treaty of Paseau {lart'i) and the religious peace of .Augsburg were ratified, adherents to the Reformed confessir)ns were accorded equal recognition with Lutherans and Roman Catholics, and the rights of Protestants and Roman Catholics were placed upon an equal fooling; the right to the posses- sion of church property was accorded to the party which held such property on Jan. I, 1624; the traditional right of reformation within their own territories claimed by rulers was regulated, and also the status of persons who belonged to One Church wliile the government under which they lived adhered to another faith; and the lim- its of ecclesiastical jurisdiciiou were paiticularly defined.
5. Do away with political abuses growing out of the preference previously accorded the Roman Catholic over the Protestant Church. The according of territorial sov- ereignty to the different rulers impaired the summuni im- perimn previously .iscribed to the emperor, especially as similar rights and privileges were bestowed on the cities, etc., of the empire ("communitatibusetpagisimmediatis").
6. Take measures for the execution of the treaty and the preservation of the peace.
The emperor issued edicts designed to give effect to the treaty Nov. 7, 1(548, and the parties to the treaty e.^cchanged the documents involved in its consumma- tion Feb. 8, 1G49. The leaders of the respective armies also had, since the close of 1G48, conducted negotiations at Prague looking towards a realization of the peace, and this led to a congress at Nuremberg at which the three estates of the empire (electors, princes, and cities) were represented, anil which passed, .June 16, 1G50, a general recess of execution. The papal legate, cardinal Fabius Chigi, had protested against the peace, Oct. 14 and 26, and Innocent X followed with the bull Zelo Domus Dei of Nov. "26, 1648. It is asserted that these protests were only designed to perform a duty which the pope owed to his position and his conscience, since they could under no circumstances exercise authorita- tive influence over the execution of the peace. The treaty was confirmed by the diet of 1654 and often af- terwards. Its execution was, as respects particulars, secured only through many disputes, and its provisions have often been violated ; but it has preserved its au- thority in general down to the present day.
The very copious literature may be found collected in the list of Piltter, in Literntur d. Staatgrechts, ii, 420 sq., 4i)2 s(j. ; iii, 69 sq. ; iv, 128 sq., 140 ; id. Geist d. west- phdl. Ffkdeas, p. 77, a complement of Senckenberg, Darst. d. wexlphdl. Friedens (Frankfort- on -the -Main, 1804); Woltmann, Gesch. d. vjesfphdL Friedens (Leips. 1«08, 2 vols. 8vo). For sources see Meiern, A eta Pads I'liblica, Ofkr westphdl. Friedensverharidlunf/en u. Ge- .irliir/ite (Ilanov. and (iott, 1734-36); id. Ac/a Pacis F.j-ecnt. Pi/hlicn, etc. (Nuremb. 1736 sq.), and index to both collections; id. Acta Comitalia Ratisbnn. Annn 1654 (1738 sq. ); id. Imtruimnta Pacis, etc. (Gott. 1738 fol.), preface; Urknnden der Friedensschliisse zu Miinster v. Osnabruck, etc. (Zurich, 1848 ).— Herzog, Real- Ency- klop. s. V.
"Wetenhall (orWettenhall), Edwaud, an Eng- lish clergyman, was born at Licblicld in 1636. He was educated at Cambridge and Oxford; became rector of Lincoln College, Oxford; minister of Longcombe; can- on residentiary of E.xeter in 1667; removed to Ireland
in 1672; became bishop of Cork and Ross in 1678; was translated to Kilinore in 161)11; and died in London in 1713. He published. Method and Order for Private pevotion (1666): — Scripture Authentic and Faith Cer- tain:— View of Our Lord's Passion (1710):— and other works. See AUibone, Diet, of Brit, and A mer. A uihors, s. V.