Zam'bri {Zafif3pi, Vulg. ZuJnri), the Greek form
ZAMBRIS
lOGO
ZAPHNATH-PAANEAH
(1 Mace, ii, 26) of the Heb. name (Numb, xxv, 14) Zim-
KI (q. v.).
Zam'bris (Za/iiSpic v. r. Zfr/ti/Spi), a corrupt Greek form (1 Esiir. ix, o4) of the Heb. name (Ezra x, 42)
AJIAUIAH ((J. v.).
Za'moth (Za/iw-& v. r. ZajUci^, Vulg. Zathoim), a corrupt Greek form (1 Esiir. ix, 28) of the lleb. name (Ezra X, 27) Zattu (q. v.).
Zatnzum'miin ( Heb. Zamzummim' , D''HT'aT ; Sept. Zoji(J^o/(/j£U' V. r. Zoxoi^filv, Vulg. Zomzommim, A. V. ''Zamzummims"), the Ammonitish name for the people who by others (though who they were does not appear) were called Rephaim (y[. v.) (Deut, ii, 20 only). They are described as having originally been a power- ful and numerous nation of giants — '"great, many, and tall" — inhabiting the district which at the time of the Hebrew conquest was in the possession of the Ammon- ites, by whom the Zamzummim had a long time previ- ously been destroyed. Where this district was it is not, perhaps, possible exactly to define; but it probably lay in the neighborhood of Kabbath-Ammou (the pres- ent Amman), the only city of the Ammonites of which the name or situation is preserved to us, and therefore eastward of that rich undulating coinitry from which Moab had been forced by the Amorites (the modern Belka), and of the numerous towns of that country whose ruins and names are still encountered.
Erom a slight similarity between the two names, and from the mention of the Emim in connection with each, it is usually assumed that the Zamzummim are identi- cal with the Zuzim (q. v.) (Gesenius, Thesaur. p. 410 a; Ewald, Gesc/i. i, 308, note; Knobel, On Gen. xiv, 5). Ewald further supports this by identifying Ham (q. v.), the capital city of the Zuzim (Gen. xiv, 5), with Am- mon. But at best the identification is very conjectu- ral.
Various attempts have been made to explain the name: as, by comparison with the Arabic zamzam, "long-necked;" or samsam, "strong and big" (Simonis, Onomast. p. 135) ; or as " obstinate," from D"2T (Luther)^ or as " noisy," from DT^T (Gesenius, 7'Ae«auz'. p. 419), or as onomatopoetic, intended to imitate the unintel- ligible jabber of foreigners. Michaelis (Supplem. No. 629) playfully recalls the likeness of the name to that of the well Zem-zem at Mecca, and suggests thereupon that the tribe may have originally come from Southern Arabia. Notwithstanding this banter, however, he ends his article with the followuig discreet words, "Nihil historiic, nihil originis populi novimus: fas sit etymolo- giuin iccpie ignorare." — Smith. See Journ. Sac, Lit. 1852, p. 366.
Zano'ah (Heb. Zano'ach, n'lJT [Neh. xi, 30, Jib)], prob. marsh), the name of two towns in the tribe of Judah.
1. (Sept. Tjovm v. r. Tawo, Vulg. Zano'e.) A place in the lowland (Shephelah), named in connection with Zorcah and Jarmuth (Josh, xv, 34), in the group occu- pying the north-western corner of the district. See .luDAii. The name recurs in its old connection in the lists of Nehemiah, both of the towns which were rein- habited by the people of Judah after the Captivity (xi, 30), and of those which assisted in repairing the wall of Jerusalem (iii, 13). Jerome says {Onoinast. s. v. " Za- nohua") that it was still called Zaniia in his day, and lay in the region of Eleutheropolis on the way to Je- rusalem. The name and position tolerably correspond to those of Zanu'a, a site which was pointed out to Dr. Robinson from Beit Nettif (Bibl. Res. ii, 16), and which in the maps of Van de Velde and of Tobler (Drille Wandei'unfj) is located on the north side of the Wady Ismail, two miles east of Zareah. and four miles north of Yarmuk. Rabbi Schwarz inaccurately calls it Zainea {Palest, p. 102).
2. (Sept. [in Josh., taking in the following name]
'LaviiiaKiin v. r. ZaKavailfi, Vulg. Zanoel; in Chron. Zajuw)', Vulg. Zanoe.) A town in the highland district, the mountain proper (Josli. xv, 56), named in the same group with ^laon, Carmel, Ziph, and other places known to lie south of Hebron. It is (as Van de Velde sug- gests. Memoir, p. 354) not improbably identical with Samite, which is mentioned by Seetzen {Reisen, iii, 29) as below Senuia, and appears to be about ten miles south of Hebron. At the time of his visit it was the last inhabited place to the south. Robinson (Bibt. Res. ii, 204, note) gives the name differently, Za'nutah; and it will be observed that, like Zauu'ah above mentioned, it contains the Ain, which the Hebrew name does not. The English engineers found {Quar. Report, of the "Pal. Explor. Fund," Jan. 1875, p. 15") an ancient site called Khirbet Sanut (written with an Elif=i(.), situated im- mediately west of Khirbet Yekin (the Cain of the con- text), which Tristram prefers as the representative of this Zanoah {Bible Places, p. 62).
In the genealogical lists of the tribe of Judah in 1 Chron., Jekuthiel is said to have been the father (i. e. founder or rebuilder) of Zanoah (iv, 18) ; and, as far as the passage can be made out. some connection appears to be intended with "Bithiah, the daughter of Pha- raoh." This mention of Bithiah probably points to some colonization of the place by Egyptians or by Is- raelites directly from Egypt. In Seetzen's account of Samite (Za'nutah) there is a curious token of the in- fluence which events in Egypt still exercised on the place {Reisen, iii, 29). Here it is also mentioned with Socho and Eshtemoa, both of which places are recog- nisable in the neighborhood of Za'nutah. The Jewish interpreters considered the whole of this passage of 1 Chron. iv to refer to jMoses, and interpret each of the names which it contains as titles of him. "He was chief of Zanoach," says the Targum, "because for his sake God put mvay (ri^f) the sii« of Israel."