Za'reth-sha'har (Heb. Tse'reth hash-Sha'char, "iriTi'rt r/Hi!, splendor of the dawn; Sept. Sdp^ Kal ^iwp v. r. ^tpavd Kai ^luiv; Yu\g. Seret/i Assafia?-'), a
place in the tribe of Reu- ben, situated in the mountain ha-Emek (A. V. "Mount of the Valley"), i. e. in the ab- rupt edge of the Jordan or Dead Sea valley (Josh, xiii, 19, where it is mentioned between Sibmah and Beth- peor). Seetzen (Reisen, ii, 309) proposes to iilentify it with a spot called Sa)d at the mouth of the Wady Zer- ka Main, about a mile from the edge of the Dead Sea. In this Tristram coincides, and he describes the spot as being in keeping with its po- etical name, "the inconsider- able ruins of Zara" occupying a little oasis embayed in the shore of the sea, where the river runs through steep banks shaded by oleanders and palms, with nuinerous hot and somewhat sulphurous springs {Bible Places, p. 351). A place Shakur is marked on Van de Velde's map, about six miles south of es-Salt, at the bcail of tlie valley of the Wady Seir, which might possibly rep- resent the latter part of the name more exactly.
Zar'hite (Heb. ZarcW, "^HIT, Sept. Zapai v. r. 'Eapaf, A. V. "Zarhites"), the patronymic of the family of Zerah son of Judah (Niunb. xxvi, 20 ; Josh, vii, 17;
1 Chron. xxvii, 11, 13), and also of that descended from Zerah son of Simeon (Numb, xxvi, 13).
Zar'tanah [some Zurta'nuh~\ (1 Kings iv, 12). See Zarktan.
Zar'than (1 Kings vii, 46). See Zaretan.
Zath'oe (Sept. ZnpS'o/;; Vulg. Zachiies), a Greek form (1 Esdr. viii, 32) of the Heb. name Zattu (which is apparentl}^ omitted in Ezra viii, 5).
Zathu'i (Sept. ZaBovi v. r. Zaroi; A^ulg. Demu), a Greek form (1 Esdr. v, 12) of the Heb. name (Ezra ii, 8) Zattu (q. v.).
Zat'thu (Neh. x, 14). See Zattu.
Zat'tU [lleh. Zattu', '^.'^Ti'^.pleasiint; Sept. Za^otna v. r. Zai^ovd, ZaT^ovd, etc.; Vulg. Zethiut, Zetku), an Israelite whose "sons" to the number of 945 (or 845) returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel (Ezra ii, 8; Neh. vii, 13); and another company of them returned with Ezra, although his name has accidentally dropped out of the text in Ezra viii, 5, as we learn from the Sept. and the Apocryphal parallel (1 Esdr. viii, 32), which both read "of the sons of Zathoe, Zechenias son of Aziel [or .lezelus]" — (Keil, Comment, ad loc). B.C. ante 536. Several of these descendants renounced their Gen- tile wives (Ezra x, 27).
Za'van (1 Chron. i, 42). See Zaanan.
Zayit. See Olivk.
Za'za (Heb. Zaza', STT, perhaps pi-ojection ; Sept. 7jaZ('it] V. r. 'O^ajrt, 'O'Cdf-i, etc.; Vulg. Zi'st;), last named of the two sons of Jonatlian of the famih' of Jerahmeel the Judahite (1 Chron. ii, 33). B.C. post 1618.
Zebacliim. See Talmud.
Zebadi'ah (Heb. Zebaayah', in^'72'r [thrice in the prolonged form Zebadya'hu, ^IT^'lST, 1 Chron. xxvi, 2:
2 Chron. xvii, 8 ; xix, 11], (fift of Jehovah ; Sept. Za/5a- cia or ZafiaciaQ v. r. Zaf3Sia<; or Zaficia, etc.), the name of several Israelites. Comp. Zabdiel.
1. A Benjamite of the "sons" of Beriah (1 Chron. viii, 15). B.C. cir. 1618.
2. A Benjamite of the "sons" of Elpaal (1 Chron. viii, 17). B.C. cir. 1618.
3. One of tlie two sons of Jeroham of Gedor, a Ben- jamite who joined the fortunes of David in his retreat at Ziklag (1 Chron. xii, 7). B.C. 1054.
ZEBAH
1063
ZEBOIIM
4. A Levite, third son of Meshelemiah the Korhite (1 Chron. xxvi, 2). B.C. 1043.
5. Sou of Asahel (Joab's brother), and commander with his father of the fourth contingent of David's troops (1 Cliron. xxvii,7). B.C. 1014.
6. One of the two Leviies who were sent with others ill the third year pf Jehosliaphat to teach the law iu the cities of Judah (2 Chron. xvii, <S). B.C. 910.
7. The son of Ishuiael and prince of the house of Ju- dah iu the reign of Jehoshaphat, who, in conjunction with Amariah the chief priest, was appointed to the superintendence of the Levites, priests and chief men who had to decide all causes, civil and ecclesiastical, which were brought before them (2 Chron. xix, 11). B.C. 895. They possibly may have formed a kind of court of appeal, Zebadiah acting for the interests of the king, and Amariah being the supreme authority in ec- clesiastical matters.
8. Son of Michael of the "sons" of Shephatiah, who returned with Ezra from Babylon with eighty male rel- atives (Ezra viii, 8). B.C. 459.
9. A priest of the " sons" of Immer, who divorced his Gentile wife married after the Exile (Ezra x, 20). B.C. 458.
Ze'bah (Heb. Ze'bach, rtST, saci-ifice, as often ; Sept. Z£/3f€ ; .Tosephus, Z«/9i'/ ; Vidg. Zebee), first named of the two " kings" of Midian who appear to have com- manded the great invasion of Palestine, and who finally fell b\' the hand of Gideon himself. B.C. 1361. He is always coupled with Zalmunua, and is mentioned in Judg. viii, 5-21 ; Psa. Ixxxiii, 11). See Zaljiunna.
It is a remarkable instance of the unconscious artless- ness of the narrativ^e contained in Judg. vi, 33-viii, 28 that no mention is made of any of the chiefs of the Midianites during the early part of the story, or indeed until (iideon actually comes into contact with them. We then discover (viii, 18) that while the Bedawin were ravaging the crops iu the valley of Jezreel, before Gideon's attack, three or more of his brothers had been captured by the Arabs and put to death by the hands of Zebah and Zalmunua tliemselves. But this material fact is only incidentally mentioned, and is of a piece with the later references by prophets and psalmists to other events iu the same struggle, the interest and value of which have been alluded to under Oukb (q. v.).