sources whence the pietism of Spener and Francke drew
its strength. We must not be undent I. however, to
say that spener's pietism depended on Petersen, but
simply that Petersen and Spener bad mucb in common,
and that the former, by bis influence and acceptance of pietistic views, strengthened Spener's bands. Peter- sen seems to have misapprehended spener. and to have gone farther than be. Thus, for example. Petersen. misunderstanding .-spener's doctrine concerning " better
times to come" [see Esi HATOLOGY; SPKNKR ]. and tbe
realization of God's kingdom on earth, announced tbe speedy approach of tbe millennia] reign, and. for tbe sake of ace, on lation, even adopted tbe tinal resto- ration theories of ( trigen i q. \\ i, w itb w hich be beeame acquainted, as be tells us. in tbe writings of tbe English fanatic .lane l.eade (q. v.). His wife adopted these views also, and beeame a propagator of ibis heresy and the notion of a universal apocatastasis. Put tbe doc- nine, though it pl,as,d many by limiting tbe eternity of punishment, and some who bad almost strayed from the Church beyond hope of regaining their former bold on Christ and bis Church, yet met with almost univer- sal rejection, because it obliged its advocates to em- brace a physical process of redemption, or at bast one which was net brought about by tbe Word of Christ. A train of thought which was fbe germ of tbe Termi- nistic controversy of 1698-1710 might well lead farther. It bad been usual so to identify tbe day of grace witb tbe duration of earthly life as to allow no hope beyond it. and also to regard tbe term of grace as unexpired while life lasted. Though tbe original foundation of this opinion w as a serious view of the importance of earl lily life, it w as yet capable of being made the basis of that levity w hich would delay repentance till tbe approach of death. To put a si.,p to tbis imtio n. Bose, witb whom Rechenberg (q.v.) agreed, upheld the tenet that there is. even in this life, a peremptory termination of grace. This can- not depend upon so external a matter as time, but upon the inward maturity of tbe decision for or against < Ihrist, Grace is taken from tln.se who have repeatedly refused it, and the justification formerly pronounced is with- drawn. See. however, the an. Gra< e. To Petersen's adoption of a millennium ami a universal restoration, be added, thirdly, faith in the continuation ,,f supernatural inspiration, lie was led to this step by a Miss Rosa- inumla Juliana Von Arnburg, who professed, after her seventh year, to see miraculous \ isimis. especially dur- ing prayer, and to experience extraordinary divine rev- elations. Petersi □ was acquainted with her after 1691.
He boasts that his house bad been 1.1, sseil by her pres- ence as the house of ( (bed - Kdnin. lie then busied himself with the matter, and composed a work in favor id' the lady, in w hich he Bought to establish the divine character ol her revelations against all doubt. Besides, Petersen ami bis wife also claimed to in- themselves fa- vored with such illuminations ami revelations, and they not unfrequently entertained their superstitious age with extraordinary experiences of a disorganized ami infatu- ated brain. Put notwithstanding all his peculiar views, and hi- too ready credulity. Petersen must be pronounced a noble and pious man. He wrote many hymns. BOme of w hich are (.reserved in German collections to this day. Dippel (q.v.) and Edelmann joined Petersen, though they
PETERZANO
differed from him much on doctrinal point?. See IItirst*s Hagenbach, Ch. Hist. 18th and mhCent. i. 159 sq.; Ha- genbach, Hist, of Doctrines, ii. 370 ; Domer, Hist, of Protestant Theology, ii, 154; Lebensbeschreihung (1719). (J.H.W.)
Peterzano (or Preterazzano), Simone, an Ital- ian painter, was, according to Lomazzo, a pupil of Titian, and flourished at Milan in 1591, where he executed some works for the churches, both in oil and fresco. Lanzi says: "On his Pietq in S. Fidela he inscribed himself 'Titiani Discipulus;' and his close imitation seems to confirm the truth. He produced several works in fresco, particularly several histories of St. Paul in S. Barnaba. He there seems to have aimed at uniting the expres- sion, the foreshortening, and the perspective of the Mi- lanese to the rich coloring of Venetian artists, noble works if they were thoroughly correct, and if the author had been as excellent in fresco as in oil painting." There is a fine picture by this master of the Assumption of the Virgin in the Chiesa di Brera. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine Arts, ii, 684.
Pethach Debakay ("^SH rWE) is the title of an excellent Hebrew grammar written in rabbinic char- acters by an anonymous Spanish author, the first edition of which appeared at Naples in 1492, and not, as is generally believed, at Pesaro in 1507. Another edition, with additions, appeared at Constantinople in 1515, and the same, with corrections byr Elias Levita (q. v.), at Venice in 1545. Of the first edition of this valuable grammar only two copies, one at the Vatican Library, and one at Parma, are extant. The Pethach Debaray has been edited with Ibn- Ezra's Moynaim (Venice, 1546), and together with Haja ben-Sherira's work on dreams, m^.sn "TitlS (Constantinople, 1515, and often) ; and, lastly, with Moses Kimchi's (q. v.) gram- matical work, The Journey on the Paths of Knowledge, T'J'T* ib-a^ -brra. See De Rossi, Dizionario sto- rico degli autori Ebrei, p. 262 (Germ, transl. by Ham- burger); Wolf, Bibl. Hebr. ii, 1412 sq. ; Steinschneider, Bibliographisches Handbuch, p. 8, No. 75 sq. (Berlin, 1859). (B. P.)