of the Hanseatic confederacy in the Middle Ages. They had a common temple, the Hellenium, at Naucratis, in Egypt, and nominated irpooTaTai for the regulation of commercial questions and the decision of disputes arising out of contracts, like the preud'kommes of the Middle Ages, who presided over the courts of piepoudi imihlris, pedlers) at the different staples. In later times Phaselis was distinguished as a resort of the Pampbylian and Cilician pirates. Its port was a convenient one to make, for the lofty mountain of Solyma ( now Takhtalu), which backed it at a distance of only five miles, is nearly eight thousand feet in height, and constitutes an admi- rable landmark for a great distance. Phaselis itself stood on a rock of fifty or one hundred feet elevation above the sea, and was joined to the mainland by a low isthmus, in the middle of which was a lake, now a pes- tiferous marsh. On the eastern side of this wi i port and a roadstead, and on the western a larger artifi- cial harbor, formed by a mole run out into i he sea. The remains of this may still be traced to a considerable ex- tent below the surface of the water. The masi urv of the pier which protected the small eastern port is nearly perfect. In this sheltered position the pirates could lie safely while they sold their booty, and also refit, the whole region having been anciently so thiekh with wood as to give the name of Pifyusa to the town. For a time the Phaselites confined their relations with the Pamphylians to the purposes just mentioned; but they subsequently joined the piratical league, and suf- fered in consequence the loss of their independence and their town lands in the war which was waged by the Roman consul Publius Servilius Isauricus in tie- years B.C. 77-75. But at the outset the Romans had to a great extent fostered the pirates, by the demand which sprang up for domestic slaves upon the change of man- ners brought about by the spoliation of Carthage and Corinth. It is said that at this time many thousand slaves were passed through Delos — which was the mart between Asia and Europe — in a single day, and the proverb grew up there, "E^nropi, KctTcnr\ivooi>- t'£i\ov' iravra TTtTrparai. But when the Cilicians had acquired such power and audacity as to sweep the st as as far as the Italian coast, and interrupt the supplies of corn, it became time to interfere, and the expedition of Senilius commenced the work which was afterwards completed by Pompey the Great (see Smith, Diet, of Cla
S.V.).
It is in the interval between the growth of the Cili- cian piracy and the Servilian expedition that the inci- dents related in the First Book of Maccabees occurred. After naming Ptolemy, Demetrius (king of Syria), At- tains (king of Pergamus). Ariarathes (of Pontus), and Arsaces (of Parthia) as recipients of these missives, the author adds that the consul also wrote: tie -artac rue %wpnc Kai ^.apxpdpy ((irolius conjectures \a/idaKi;>, and one MS. has Nltaaviaay) Kai EiretpTiaraic, Kai tie AijXov KCii tie Mvvdov Kai tie ~Eucvwva Kai tie rrjv k<(- piav Kai tic, £«/to)> Kai eig rijv IlafHpuXlav Kai tie ri\v
\vKiav Kai tie 'AXlKapvaOVOV, Kai tie Podov Kill liij fyarrijXiia Kai tic kw Kai tic, Scoqv Kai eig'ApaSov Kai lit; VopTWaV Kai KviSov, Kai Kvirpov Ktii Krupiir
I 1 Mace xv, 23 I. It will be observed that all the places named, with the exception of Cyprus and Cyrene, Ii'1 on the highway of marine trallic between Syria and Italy. The Jewish slaves, whether kidnapped by their own countrymen (ExocL xxi. 16), or obtained by raids (2 Kings v, 2). appear in early times to have been trans- mitted to the west coast of Asia Minor by this route
j (see Ezek. xxvii. 13 ; Joel iii, 6).
The existence of the mountain Solyma. and a town of the same name, in the immediate neighborhood of Phaselis. renders it probable that the descendants of some of these Israelites formed a population i importance in the time of Strabo I Herod, ii. 178; Sirab. xiv, c. 3; Livy, xxxvii. 23: Mela, i. 14; see Beaufort, Karamania, p. 53-56).— Smith.
j Phas'iron (<&aatpwv ; Vulg. Phaseron v. r. /'asi-
PHASSARON 7
roii), the name of the head "fan Arab tribe, "the chil- dren of Phasiron" i l Mace. i.\. 66). defeated by Jona- than, but of whom nothing more is known.— Smith.
Phas'saron (fbaooapov, v. r. &aoaovpoc and >lx'tn- oopoc-, Vulg. Phasurius~), a Graecized form (I Esdr. v, 25) of the Heb. name Pashi r (q. v. I.
Phe'be. See Pho be.
Phelan, \\'i i.i.i \m. D.D., a somewhat noted Irish divine of the Protestant establishment, was bom at Clonmel in 1789, and was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he was admitted sizar in lxiMi. In 1*11 he was made second master of the endowed school of Deny; in 1*17 he was elected fellow of his college, and in 1819 Donellan lecturer. In 1824 he became rector of Killyniaii. Armagh, and in 1825 of Ardtrea. lie died in 1830. His Remains were published, with a biograph- ical memoir, by the bishop of Limerick (2d ed. I !.
1832, 2 vols. 8vo). See Darling, Cyclop. Bibliogr. a, v.
Phelet. See Beth-phfxet.
Phelipeaux, Jean, a French theologian, was born Ell \ i rs in the L7th century. He studied iii Paris, and there took his degrees in theology even t<> die doc- torship. Bossuet. having heard him dispute in the Sor- bonne. formed so favorable an opinion of him that lie placed him in the position of preceptor to his nephew, the abbe Bossuet, the future bishop ofTroyes. Both were in Rome in L697, when the affair of Quietism was agitated; they fell. .wed it with singular ardor, and with a kind of passion the expression of which Bossuel was more than once obliged to moderate. Phelipeaux wrote, June •_' !. 1698, •• No better and more persuasive piece of news can lie sent us than that of the disgrace of the rel- atives and friends df M.i le ( 'amhray." His pupil showed no less animosity. "He is a wild beast," said he, Nov. •_'.">. in speaking of Fenelon—" he is a wild beast, thai must he pursued until he is overthrown and unable to do any harm." Phelipeaux, entirely occupied with this affair, wmte numerous . memoirs, and besieged the courl of Hume with solicitations, at the same time carrying on a secret correspondence with M. de Noailles, archbishop of Paris. On his return to Franco (1699) he became canon, official, and grand-vicar of Meaux. He died at Meaux .inly ::. 1708. After his death was published the Relation d< I'origim du progres it dt In condamna- tion du Quietismt repandu <n France, avec plusieurs an- ecdotes curieuses (s. 1. 17:12 17:!:;. ■_' pt 12mo). All that is said in it against the manners of Madame Guy on is corroborated by no proof, .and was refuted in 1733 by the ahhe of La Bletterie. As fur Fdnelon, one cannot doubt that the design of the author was to injure his reputa- tion; "his work," says De Bausset, "reveals tic mosl marked partiality and the most odious rage." Besides. it was suppressed by a decree of the council. See Moreri, Grand Diet. Flist.; He Bausset, Hist. d< Fene- lon . Barbier, Dict.des Anonymes, 2d edit.. No. 16,089. Vouv. Biog. Generate, xxxix, 821.