3. Tin- foster-brother (avvrpofoc, ix, 29) (if Antio- chus Epiphanes, whom the king upon his death-bed appointed regenl of Syria and guardian of his son Anti- ochus 7, to the exclusion of Lysias | B.( '. 164 ; l Mace. vi. l I. 15, 55). He returned with the royal forces from Persia i \ i. 56 i to assume 1 1 1 « - government, and occupied Antioch. Bui Lysias, who was at the time besieging "the Sanctuary" at Jerusalem, hastily made terms with Judas, and marched against him. Lysias stormed An- tioch, and, according to Josephus | \nt. xii, 9, 7), put Philip i" death. In 2 Mace. Philip is >a i < I to have tied to Ptol. Philometor on the death of Antiochus i 2 Mace. i\. 29), though the book contains traces of the other account (xiii, 23). See Astiochus {Epiphanies).
4. PhUip \'. king of Macedonia, B.C. 220 L79. Bis wide and successful endeavors to strengthen and enlarge the Macedonian dominion brought him into conflict with the Romans when they were engaged in the crit- ical war with Carthage. Desultory warfare followed by hollow peace lasted till the victory of Zama left the Romans free for more vigorous measures. Meanwhile Philip had consolidated Ids power, though he had de- generated into an unscrupulous tyrant. The tirst cam- paigns of the Romans on the declaration of war (B.C. 200) were not attended by any decisive result, but the arrival of Flamininus (B.C. 198) changed the aspect of affairs. Philip was driven from his commanding posi- tion, and made unsuccessful overtures for peace. In the next year he lost the fatal battle of Cynoscephalse, and was obliged to accede to the terms dictated by his conquerors. The remainder of his life was spent in vain endeavors to regain something of his former power, and was imliittered by cruelly .and remorse. In I Mace, viii, 5 the defeat of Philip is coupled with that of PerseilS as one of the noblest triumphs of the
Romans.— Smith.
sia. and defeated them. In J 17 Philip was airain con- sul, with his son of the same name a- himself, and lluir consulship was continued to the following year, when Philip celebrated with great splendor the thousandth anniversary of the building of Rome. An immi nsc number of wild beasts were brought forth and slaugh- tered in the amphitheatre and circus. In the next J I ar, under the consulship of ZEmilianus and Aquilinus. a re- volt broke out ai igthe legions on the Danube, who pro- claimed emperor a centurion named Carvilius Marinus, w hum. however, the soldiers killed shortly after. Phil- ip, alarmed at the state of these provinces, sent thither Decius as commander, l>ut Decius had no sooner arrive d at hi- post than the soldiers proclaimed him emperor. Philip marched against Decius, leaving his son at Home. The two armies met near Verona, where Philip was defeated and killed, as some say by his own troop-. On the news reaching Koine, the praetorians killed his -on also, and Decius was acknowledged emperor in 249. Eutropius states thai both Philips, father and son. were numbered among the nods. It is doubtful whether Philip was really a Christian, but it seems certain, as stated hy Eusebius and Dionysius of Alexandria, that under his reign the Christians enjoyed full toleration, and were allowed to preach publicly. Gregory ofNyssa states that during that period all the inhabitants of Neo- ( ;e-aiea.'m Pontus, embraced Christianity, overthrew the idols, and raised temples to the God of the Christians. Ii appears that Philip during his live years' reign gov- erned with mildness and justice, and was generally popu- lar. — English ( 'yctop. s. v.
Philip v of Macedon.
Dldrnchm of Philip V i Attic talent). Obv.: Head of king:, bound «itli 611et. Rev.: BAZ1ABOZ •iahiuot; club of Hercules: all ivitu.n
Philip (M. Julius Philippus), emperor of Rome, a native of Bostra, in Trachonitis, according to some au- thorities, alter serving with distinction in the Roman armies, was promoted by the later Gordian to the com- mand of the imperial guards after the death of Mi- siiheus, A.I). 243. Iii the following year he accompa- nied Gordian in his expedition into Persia, where he contrived to excite a mutiny among the soldiers by complaining thai the emperor was too young to lead an army in such a difficult undertaking. The mutineers obliged Gordian to acknowledge Philip as his colleague; •and in a short time Philip, wishing to reign alone, caused Gordian to lie murdered. In a letter to the senate hi' ascribed the death of Gordian to illness, and the senate acknowledged him as emperor. Having made peace willi the Persians, he led Hie army back into Syria, and arrived at Antioch lor I he Easter solem- nities. Kiisehiiis. who with other Christian writers
maintains thai Philip was a Christian, states as a re- port thai he ueiH with in- wife to attend the Christian worship at Antioch. hut that Babila, bishop of that city,
refused to permit him lo enter the church, as being
guilty of murder, u| which Philip acknowledged his
guilt, ami placed himself iii the rank- of the penitents.
This circumstance i^ also Btated by John Cbrysostom. From Antioch Philip came to Home, and the following year, 245, assumed the consulship with T. F. Titianus, and marched against the Carpi, who had invaded Mce-