nature of pitch is noticed in Isa. xxxiv, 9.— Smith. See Asphaltum ; Bitumen.
Pitcher in the A. V. represents the following words in the original : 1. 13, lead; Sept. vSpia ; Vulg. hydria, la genu ; akin to Sanscrit hut and kc'iCoc. ; rendered "barrel" (1 Kings xvii, 12; xviii, 33). 2. x3J and ?!?3, nebel; Sept. dyyelov; Vulg. vas; A. V. "bottler- only once a "pitcher" (Lam. iv, 2), where it is joined with b"in, an earthen vessel (Gesen. Thesaur. p. 522). 3. In the X. T. Ktpdfiiov, twice only (Mark xiv, 13; Luke xxii, 10). It denotes the water-jars or pitchers with one or two handles, used chiefly by women for car- rying water, as in the story of Rebecca (Gen. xxiv, 15- 20; but see Mark xiv. 13; Luke xxii, 10). This prac- tice has been and is still usual both in the East and elsewhere. The vessels used for the purpose are gener- ally carried on the head or on the shoulder. The Beda- win women commonly use skin-bottles. Such was the " bottle" carried by Hagar (Gen. xxi. 14 ; Harmer, Obs. iv. 2 16 : Layard, Nin. <m<l Bab.p. 578 ; Roberts, Sh tches, pi. 164; Arvieux, Trav. p. 203; Burckhardt, Notes on Bed. i, 351 ; Thomson, Land and Book, ii, 379). The same word kad is used of the pitchers employed by Gideon's 300 men (Judg. vii, 16), where the use made of them marks the material. Also the vessel (A. V. barrel) in which the meal of the Sareptan widow was contained (1 Kings xvii, 12), and the " barrels" of water used by Elijah at Mount Carmel (xviii, 33). It is also used figuratively of the life of man (Eccles. xii, 6). It is thus probable that earthen vessels were used by the Jews as they were by the Egyptians for containing both liquids and dry provisions (Birch, Anc. Pottery, i. 43). At the Fountain of Nazareth may be seen men and women with pitchers which scarcely differ from those in use in Egypt and Nubia (Roberts, Sketches, pi. 29, 164). The water-pot of the woman of Samaria was probably one of this kind, to be distinguished from the much larger amphora? of the marriage-feast at Cana. — Smith. See Bottle; Cruse; Ewer; Flagon; Pot.
Egyptian P!
Pitcher, Edwin Frank, a minister of the Method- ist Episcopal Church, was born Feb. 14, 1846, near Fair- mount, Marion County, West Virginia. He was the youngest of thirteen children. Very early in life he gave evidence of religious culture, and at the age of eleven was converted, and joined the Methodists. His school life was noted for its spiritual tone. At fourteen he entered Dickinson College. At sixteen he took the prize medal in the junior contest, and graduated the first in his class. The year following his graduation he became professor in Emory Female College, Carlisle, Pa., and while in this position was licensed to preach. Im- pressed with the value of a higher theological training, he went to Evanston ; but the climate proving unfa- vorable to his health, he returned to his home. In the fall of 1865 he entered the theological school at ( "uncord, N.H., where he remained until the spring of 1867, when he graduated. Joining the New England Conference, he was sent to Amherst, Mass., which was a new field
pithom
240
PITMAN
for Methodism. In 1868 he was called to Morgantown, ' of the Nile. Moat writers, however, regard the ruins at Weal Virginia where his labors were very BuccessfuL Abu-Kesheid as marking the Bite of Heroopolis. Ac- :„■ was Btationed at Lawrence, Mass., bul and- cordinglythe scholars who accompanied the 1 rench ex- ing his wife's health failing, he entered the Philadel- phia Conference, and in Mar.),. L872, was Btationed at
Lebanon, Pa. In March, 1873, be was Bent to Allen- town, Pa., which proved to be his last appointment. In
I of 1875, his own health Failing, be sailed tor ! Returning the middle of September, his pas- toral work occupied his time until Feb.23,wben he was taken with hemorrhage from the lungs. II-' died May 18, 1876. His scholarship was thorough ana elevated, his Btyle classic and chaste. His manner was gentle and unpretentious, and his presentati f truth force- ful and vivid. His favorite theme was the all-power- ful Name. See Zion's Herald, Aug. 1". L876.
Pi'thom (Heb. Pithom', DilB, meaning, if of Heb. derivation, mouth of Thorn; bul the word is probably Egyptian, meaning ifo [cityol ] i
I I oi the store-cities buill by the Israelites for the first oppressor, the Pharaoh "which knew not Joseph"! Exod.i, 11). In the Heb. these cities are two, Pithom and Raamses ; the Sept. adds ( »n as a third. It is probable that Pithom lay in the most east- ern pari of Lower Egypt, like Raamses, if, as is reason- able, we Buppose the latter to be the Rameses mentioned elsewhere, and that the [srai lites were occupied in pub- lic works within or mar to the land of Goshen. See Raamses. Herodotus mentions a town called Patumus, UarovyiOQ, which Beems to be the same as the Thoum or Thou of the Itinerary of Antoninus, probablj the military station Tkohu ofthe Notitia. Whether or not Patumus be the Pithom of Scripture, there can be little doubl that the name is identical. The first part is the same as in Bu-bastis and Bn-siris, either the definite article masculine or a possessive pronoun, unless indeed, with Brugsch, we read the Egyptian word " abode" pa, and suppose thai it commences these names. See l't- bese in. The second part appears to be the name of Atum or Turn, a divinity worshipped at On, or Heli- opolis, as well as l.'a. both being forms ofthe sun [see On], and ii i- noticeable that Thoum or Thou was very near the Hi liopolite uome, and perhaps more anciently within it. ; and that a monument at Abu-Kesheid shows thai the worship ofHeliopolis extended along the valley of the canal ofthe Red Sea. As we find Thoum and Patumus and Rameses in or mar to the land of Goshen, there can be no reasonable doubt thai we have here a