I. Forbid* to ret eive investitures at the hand- of kin^s
and other ia\ men.
-. Forbids 811 y and pluralities.
4. Forbids bishop- to receive any present for conferring holy order-, for consecrating churches, or for ^i\ine; any benediction.
6. Forbids monks and canons to purchase churches w ith- out the bishop's •
s. Forbids the ordination of the children of priests, and of bastards, except thej be canon- or regular monks.
10. Enjoins thai clerks who carry arms, or who deal in u-uiy, shall be excommunicated. s.a- Labi.,-. ConciL x,866.
V. The last council convened at Poitiers was held
\'"\ . is. i ioo, bj ordt r of John and Be lict, the two
legates of the holy Bee, who presided in the place of Pascal II. About eighty bishops and abbot- were pres- ent Norigaudus, bishop of Autun, having been found
POIX
335
POLALLION
guilty of simony, was condemned to give up his stole and pastoral ring. Upon his refusal to do so, he was further deposed from his bishopric and from the priest- hood, and sentence of excommunication was denounced against all who continued to obey him as their bishop. He, nevertheless, persisted in his refusal to submit to the sentence, and retained his stole and ring. In this council, moreover, Philip, king of France, who had taken back to him Bertrade, his wife, was excommunicated by the legates, in spite of the opposition of many of the bishops and of William, duke of Aquitaine. Lastly, sixteen canons were published :
1. Declares that it is lawful for bishops only to give the tonsure (coronas benedicere) to the clergy, and for abbots to do so to monks.
2. Forbids them to require any fee for performing the operation, or even the scissors ami napkin employed.
4. Reserves to the bishop the benediction of the sacer- dotal vestments, and of all the vessels, etc., of the altar.
1. Forbids, under excommunication, to buy or sell pre- bends, and to require any allowance (pastus) for having given one.
10. Gives permission to regular canons to baptize, preach, administer the sacrament of penance, and bury the dead during the bishop's pleasure.
12. Forbids to allow to preach those who carry about the relics of saints for the sake of gain.
1G. Confirms all that the pope had enacted in the Coun- cil of Clermont.
See Labbe, Concil. x, 720 ; Hefele, Conciliengesch. vols. iv and v.
Poix, Louis de, a French monastic, was born Oct. 18, 1714, at Croixrault (diocese of Amiens). He de- voted himself for some years to the study of the Greek, Hebrew, Chaldee, and Syriac languages, and conceived the design of a Polyglot Bible, to the redaction of which several of his confraternity (the Capuchin monks) prom- ised to lend a hand. In 1741 the abbe Villefroy, pro- fessor at the College of France, took the direction of this enterprise ; but the Bible impatiently expected by the learned world, and in regard to which Benedict XIV addressed a brief of felicitation to Louis de Poix, April 9, 1755, was not published, owing to divers con- trarieties which at that time befell the Capuchins. In 1768 Poix wrote a Memoir, in which he advocated the foundation of an institution which, without being a bur- den to the State, would be of invaluable service to the Church, useful to the learned and men of letters, and honorable to the nation. He proposed the name of "Socie'te Royal des Etudes Orientales," and on the plan suggested by him was founded, April 1, 1822, the "So- ciete Asiatique." Louis de Poix died at Paris in 1782. He published, with the collaboration of several other Capuchins, the following works : Prieres que ±\Te?ses, Pa- triarche des A rmeniens.jit a la Gloire de Dieii.ponr toute Ame fid'ele a Jesus Christ (1770): — Principes discutes pourfacU'tter V Intelligence des Licres prophetiques (Par. 1755-64, 16 vols. 12mo), the fruit of twenty years' la- bor : — Nouvelle Version des Psaumes (ibid. 1762, 2 vols. 12mo) : — a Translation of Ecclesiastes (1771, 12mo) : — Propheties de Jeremie (ibid. 1780, 6 vols. 12mo) : — Propheties de Baruch (ibid. 1788, 12mo) : — Essai sur le Livre de Job (ibid. 1768, 2 vols. 12mo) -.—Traite de la Paix interieure (1764, 1768, 12mo): — Traite de la Joie (1768, 12mo). He left in manuscript a Dictionnaire Armenicn, Latin, Italien, et Francois. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xl, 585.
Poki, Jehuda, ben-Elieser (Tshelebi ben-Isaak Puki), a Jewish writer of some note, who belonged to the sect of the Karaites, was born and educated at Con- stantinople in the first half of the 16th century. He made extensive travels through Palestine, Egypt. Irak, and Persia in order to become acquainted with the Ka- raite literature. But having no knowledge of the Ar- abic, he was unable to make use of a large portion of Karaite literature, as he himself confessed in the preface of a work of his. In the year 1571 he was at Kahira, where he found many writings of the Karaites in the house of the Nasi, or head of the Karaites, where he also resided, and was told that all congregations were
in possession of such collections, which, however, were very often burned or plundered. He was told that the year before (1570) three hundred very valuable and in- teresting works of the Karaites had been taken from the synagogue at Kahira and destroyed. At Kahira, Poki finished his work rTTlfP "IJ'UJ about 1573, and died in 1575 in his native place. The above-named work, which was published by his son and brother at Constantinople in 1581, treats in a very elaborate way on the laws of incest, the preface of which has been reprinted by Wolf in his Bibl. Ihbr. iii, 294 sq. See Fiirst, Gesch. des Karaerlhums, from 900 to 1575 (Leips. 1865), ii, 322 sq.; id. Bibl. Jud. iii, 108 sq. ; De Rossi, Dizionario storico degli A utori Ebrei, p. 266 (Germ, transl. by Bamberger) ; Wolf, Bibl. Ilebr. iii. 293 sq. (B. P.)