The event of most consequence that marked the fol- lowing years was the occupation of a new station, in 1834, in the south of Poland. Kielce was the place se- lected, a place equidistant from Warsaw and Lublin. The main features of the work that now present them- selves are the missionary journeys to Suvaltri, Calvary, and other places. We have now arrived at the year 1841, and up to that period, in connection with the mis- sion, there had been baptized at Warsaw 115, at Lublin 33, and at Kalisch — selected in 1838 as the station — and other stations, occupied only for a short time, 5, making altogether a total of 153. During the year 1842 the missionaries made several journeys, and in spite of the " Cherem," or Jewish excommunication, pronounced against those who should have any intercourse with the missionaries, the work went on with great blessings, and in the year 1851 the number of those who were baptized through the mission in Poland was 326, some of the converts occupying the highest stations in life. We have now brought the history of the Polish mission down to that period when the door was closed against it. The war of England with Russia effected this change, for it could not reasonably be expected, while that war was carried on with the greatest vigor, that an English mission, however peaceful its object, would be tolerated in the very heart of the Russian empire, and indications were not wanting that soon its work was to cease. Various tracts about to be printed, which had already received the sanction of the Consistory, were unaccountably detained at the censor's office ; and in the month of May, 1854, "the missionaries in Warsaw were summoned before the Russian authorities to receive various injunctions and restrictive orders on pain of being expelled from the country. One of these was to submit all their official correspondence with the committee to the Russian government, who promised to forward it to London ; and to circulate no books, not even the Bible, among Christians. The let- ters and journals were from that time submitted as pre- scribed, but never reached London. This state of things continued from the end of May till Dec. 28, when the missionaries were again summoned to appear before the
Russian authorities to hear an imperial order read, which imposed upon them and their brethren in the countrv the discontinuance of all missionary work from that day, and to be prepared to leave the countrv in three weeks, viz. on Jan. 13, 1855, the New-year's day of the Russian Church."
Thus closed the Polish mission, just three weeks be- fore the death of the Russian emperor, a mission which had not been in vain, for, besides the 361 members of the house of Israel who were admitted by baptism into the Christian Church, more than 10,000 'Bibles, in dif- ferent languages, and upwards of 10,000 New Testa- ments have been circulated, of which many had come into the hands of Jews.
The missionary work which had thus been suspended for over twenty years was again resumed in the year 1877, permission having been granted by the present emperor. To the Rev. J. C. Ilartmann, one of the old- est missionaries of the society, was intrusted the tempo- rary charge of the mission-field at Warsaw, where about 100,000 Jews reside, divided into Talmudists, Chasidim, and Reformers. According to the latest report of 1877, the Warsaw station is now occupied by the Revs. O. J. Ellis and H. H. E. Hartmann, son of the above, N. D. Rappoport, A. E. Irland, and a colporteur. Comp. the ./< iri.</i Intelligencer and the Annual Reports of the Lon- don Society. (B. P.)
Pole (03, nes, a flagstaff, Numb, xxi, 8, 9; hence the flag or standard itself, "sign,"' "banner," etc., as elsewhere).
Pole, Regixatji, a famous English cardinal, who figures so prominently in the English Reformation pe- riod, upon whose character rests the stigma of duplicity and selfishness, and against whom both Protestants and Romanists have written in censure or praise, was de- scended from royal blood, being a younger son of Sir Richard Pole, lord Montague, cousin - german of king Henry VII, and Margaret, daughter of George, the duke of Clarence, and younger brother to king Edward IV. Pole was born at Stourton Castle, Staffordshire, in the year 1500. When seven years old he was sent to the Carthusian monks at Sheen for instruction. At twelve he became a student at Magdalen College. Oxford, where the famous Linacre and Will. Latimer, two great mas- ters of Latin and Greek, were his teachers. At fifteen he took the B.A. and entered into deacon's orders, and in 1517, the year that Luther began to preach against indulgences, Pole was made prebendary of Salisbury, to which preferment the deanery of Exeter and others were soon after added by king Henry VIII, who greatly admired Pole, and desired his elevation to the highest ecclesiastical dignity. At the age of nineteen Pole went to Italy, there to continue his studies, and was by the king afforded support suitable to his rank. He vis- ited different universities, and finally rested at Padua, where he entered a distinguished group of scholars, among whom were Leonicus, a great philosopher and philologist, Longolius, Bembo, and Lupset, a learned Englishman. These masters were his constant com- panions, and they have told us how he became the delight of that part of the world for his learning, politeness, and piety. From Padua he went to Venice, where he continued for some time, and then visited other parts of Italy. Having spent five years abroad, he was recalled home; but being desirous to see the jubilee, which was celebrated this year at Rome, he went to that city: whence, passing by Florence, he re- turned to England, where he arrived about the end of 1525. He was received by the king, queen, court, and all the nobility with great affection and honor, and was highly esteemed, not only on account of his learning, but for the sweetness of his nature and politeness of his manners. Devotion and study, however, being what he solely delighted in, he retired to his old habitation among the Carthusians at Sheen, where he spent two years in the free -enjoyment of them. In 1529, when