think that the tradition as to Ids place of interment is correct
The principal authorities for the history of Polycarp Lave been cited. The account of Eusebius (//. /.'. iv, d \. Jin is chiefly taken from Iremeus (11. cc), and from the letter of the Church at Smyrna, giving an account of his martyrdom, which will he noticed helow. Halloix {Illustr. Eccles. <hi> ntalis Scriptorum Vita), Cave (Apostolici, or On Lives, <<<■., •■/tin Primitivt Fa-
I I illemonl [Mi moires, vol. ii | have the chief notices of the ancients, and embodied them in their narrative. See also Ceillier. Uist.des Anton* Sa~ . ,i. 672, ite. The English reader may consult (be- e's work just mentioned) Lardner, Credibility, ■ tc, pt. ii. eh. vi. vii ; Neander, Church Ili<t. trans], by Rose, i. 106, etc: Miltnau. Hist, of Christianity, bk. ii, ch. vii : and other ecclesiastical historians.
Works. — There is extant only one short treatise by this father. Ilnec *iXi7rjrno"ioi>c sVurroAr/, Ad Philip- islola. Thai be wrote such an epistle, and that it was known in their time, is attested by Inn.. Hares, iii. 3, ami /■:/><.</■>/. mi Florinum, apud Euseb. //. E. iv. 1 1, and v. 20), Eusebius (II. E. iii. 36; iv. 14), Jerome ( />■■ Viris JUustr. c. 17), and later writers whom it is needless to enumerate: and. notwithstanding the objections of the Magdeburg Centuriators (Cent ii. c 10); of Daille (/><■ Scriptis Ignatianis, c 32), who, how- ever, only denied the genuineness of a part; of Mat- thieu de la Roche; and, at a later period, of Sender, our present copies have been received by the great majority of critics as substantially genuine. Some have sus- pected the ti'xt to he interpolated; and the suspicion is perhaps somewhat strengthened hy the evidence af- forded by the Syriac version of the epistles of Ignatius, lately published by -Mr. Cureton, of the extensive inter- polation of those contemporary and kindred productions. The Epistola ml PhUippenses is extant in tin Greek original, and in an ancient Latin version: the latter of which contains, towards the conclusion, several chap- ters, of which only some fragments preserved by Euse- bius are found in the Greek. The letter partakes of the simplicity which characterizes the writings of the apostolic fathers, being hortatory rather than argumen- tative: and is valuable for the numerous passagi s from the New Testament, especially from the first Epistle of Peter and the epistles of Paul, which are incorporated in it, and for the testimony which it consequently af- fords to the early existence and wide circulation of the saci-,,1 writings. It was first published in black letter in the Latin version by Jac. Faber Stapulensis, with the works of the pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita and of Igna- tius (l'aris. 1498, fol.l. under the title ol / ia IV- vificans; and was reprinted at Strasburg in 1502; at Paris. 1515; at Basle, 1520-; at Cologne, 1536; at In- golstadt, with the Clementina I Ito), 1546; at Cologne, with the Latin version of the writings of the pseudo- Dionysius, 1557 ; and with the CU mentina and the Latin version of the Epistola of [gnatius (fol.), 1569. It ap- peared al-o in the following collections: the M
Basle, 1550), the Orthodoxographa of Herol- dusi ibid. 1555), the Orthodoxographa ofGryneeusfJbid. 1569 . the .\/,//,, Patrum of Francis Rous I Loud. 1650, 8vo), am! in the various editions of the Bibliotfieca Patrum, from it- lirst publication by De la Bigne in 1575. The Creek texl was tir-t published by Halloix. subjoined to the lite of Polycarp, in his TUustrium Ec- <■/,.,;,, Orientalis Scriptorum Vita el Documenta (voL i. Douai, 1633, fol.); and was again published by Usher, with the Epistola oi' Ignatius (Oxford, 1644, Ito), not in tin Ippendix Tgnatiana (which came out in H'.I7), as incorrectly staled by Fabric! us; by Maderus i Helm- stiult. 1653); and in the Patres Apostolici of Cotelerius i Paris, 1672, 2 vols. foL; and Amsterdam, \: tigius i I ■ I, 8vo), ol I n v | Basil . I ■ 12), and
of Russel (1746, 2 vols, 8vo). It is given likewise in ons of Ignatius hy Aldrich < Oxford. 1708, 8vo) and Smith (ibid. 1709, Ito). It is contained also in the
POLYCARP
363
POLYGAMY
Varia Sacra of Le Moyne (vol. i, Leyden, 1685, 4to), and in the Bibliotheca Pat rum of Gallandius (vol. i, Yen. 1765, fol.). Of more recent editions may be men- tioned those of Hornemann, Scripta Genuina Grceca Patrum Apostolicorum (Copenhagen, 1828. 4to) ; Routh, Sci-iptorum Ecclesiaslicorum Opuscula Prcecipua qua - dam (vol. i, Oxford, 1832, 8vo) ; Jaeobson, Pat rum Apos- tolicorum quce supersunt (vol. ii, ibid. 1838, 8vo); and Hefele, Patrum Apostolicorum Opera (Tubingen, 1839. 8vo). There are English versions of this epistle by Wake and Clementson, and one in Cave's Apostolici, or Lives if the Primitive Fatheis.
That Polycarp wrote other Epistoke is attested by Irenams (Epistol. ad Florin.): one, Upbg 'A$>ii>atovg, Ad Athenienses, is quoted by St. Maximus in his Prolo- epis ad Libros Dionysii Areopagita; and by Joannes Maxentius, but is supposed to be spurious ; at any rate it is now lost: another, YIpug Atovvcrioi' ruv 'Aptoira- yirrjv, Ad Dionysium Areopagitam, mentioned by Sui- das (s. v. YIoXvKapirog), is supposed to be spurious also. The life of Polycarp, ascribed to Pionius, states that he wrote various Tractatus, Homiliee, ami Epistolee, and especially a book Be Obitu S.Joarmis; of which, ac- cording to Halloix (I. c), some extracts from a MS. said to be extant in an abbey in Northern Italy had been given in a Concio de S. Joanne Evangelista by Francis- cus Humblot ; but even Halloix evidently doubted their genuineness. Some fragments ascribed to Polycarp, cited, in a Latin version, in a Cat< na in (/untuor Evan- gelistas by Victor of Capua, were published by Francis- cus Feuardentius subjoined to lib. iii, c. 3 of his Anno- tationes ad Irenoeum, and were subsequently reprinted by Halloix (I. c), Usher {Appendix Ignatiana, p. 31, etc. ), Maderus (I. c), Cotelerius (/. <?.), Ittigius (/. c), and Gallandius {I. c), under the title of Fragmenta Quin- que e Responsionum Capitulis S. Polycarpo adscriptis; but their genuineness is very doubtful. See Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ami. 108, i, 44, etc. (Oxford, 1740, fol.) ; Ittigius, De Biblioth. Patrum, passim ; Fabricius, Bibl. Grcec. vii, 47, etc.; Ceillier, Auteurs Sacres, 1. c. ; Lardner, Credi- bility, pt. ii, bk. i, ch. vi, etc. ; Gallandius, Biblioth. Pa- trum, proleg. ad vol. i, c. ix; Jaeobson. /. c. proleg. p. 1, etc., lxx; Schaff, Church Hist. vol. i ; Donaldson. Liter- ature (see Index) ; Bohringer, Christl. Kirche, i, 30 sq. ; Illgen, Zeitschrift f. hist. Theol. 1866, vol. i ; Milman, Hist. of Latin Christianity (see Index) ; Jahrb.f. </< utsche Theol. 1870, iii, 545; Jortin, Remarks^ i, 323 sq.; Amer. Presb. Per. iii, 517; Kiddle, Christian Antiquities (see Index) ; Hefele, Patrum Apostolicorum Opera, p. xviii ; Kitto, Cyclop, of Bib. Lit. i, 812; Alzog, Patrologie, § 1 sq.; Kilien, Anc. Church, p. 365 sq.; Fisher, Beginning of Christianity (N. Y. 1877, 8vo), p. 321 sq., 552 sq.