POMARANCIO
383
POMEGRANATE
his paintings The Martyrdom of St. Simon, at the Pinaeothek of Munich, and a Virgin shedding Tears over the Bod;/ of her Son, at the Museum of Madrid. His manner is very variable, and reminds now of the Roman, now of the Florentine school; sometimes it comes near to the Venetian school. His colors are brighter and more brilliant in his frescos than in his oil-paintings. He likes to adorn his subjects with beautiful landscapes of great effect. Unfortunately, following the example of his masters, he was too often assisted by his pupils; hence some weak parts in his works. He is charged also with some errors of per- spective. He died at Rome in 162G. See Lanzi, Hist. of Painters (see Index) ; Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A rts, s. v. Roncalii.
Fomarancio is also a surname by which Niccolo Oi urn; nam is generally known. He was a painter of the Florentine school of the 10th century, and was born at Fomarancio, near Yolterra. He was probably a disci- ple of Titian, whose assistant he was in his works in the great room of the Belvedere, in the Vatican. He arrived at Rome quite young, and painted there a number of frescos, among which we mention the cu- pola of St. Pudentiana, The Lord surrounded by A ngels (tribune of S. Giovanni Paolo), St. John the Baptist (church of the Consolazione), and thirty-two horrible Scenes of Martyrdom (San Stefano Rotondo), vigorous, but executed with little care. It is probable that Poraarancio spent the last years of his life in his native place, where he died after 1591; for the works which must be referred to his last period are all among nu- merous paintings of his preserved in Yolterra. At S. Giusto a Descent from the Cross is signed "Nicolaus Circinianus di Ripomarance pingebat A.D. 1580;" and at the Battisterio, on an Ascensioii, one of his best works, we read. "Nicolaus de Circignanis Volaterranus pingebat anno 1591." In the cathedral of the same city there remains of the frescos with which he had adorned the tribune a God-Father ; at St, Pietro, in Selci, an Annunciation (oil-painting), and at San Francesco a Pieth. Pomarancio was frequently aided by his pupils, the best known of whom are Cristoforo Roncalii, called also Pomarancio, and his own son, Antonio Circignani, who remained in obscurity during his father's lifetime, and came suddenly into repute by the paintings with which he adorned a chapel of Santa Maria Traspontina at Rome: they exhibit some features successfully bor- rowed from Baroccio. At Florence, under the portico of the hospital of S. Matteo, he painted some frescos in 1614: The Disputation with the Doctors; The Massacrt of the Innocents; The Adoration of the Kings; and The Nativity. Called at a mature age to Citta di Castello, Antonio lived there several years, painting for churches and private persons. It is believed that at the age of sixty years he settled again in the village of Poma- rancio, the cradle of his family, where he died in 1630. See Lanzi, Hist, of the Painters ; Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A rts, s. v.
Pomarius, Samuel Baumgarten, a German Lu- theran divine, was born April 20, 1024, near Wintzig, in Silesia. His father, a miller, was opposed to his pre- dilection for study, and he had many obstacles to sur- mount before he could get through his course of studies at the college. He pursued his studies at Breslau, Frank- fort, and Wittenberg. On Jan. 1, 1653, he was called to Beshin, in Silesia, but soon went to that portion of Berlin then known as Cologne-on-the-Spree as deacon of St. Peter's, and from thence to Magdeburg as pastor of St. Jacobi. In 1665 he was made rector and professor of theology at Fperies, in Upper Hungaria. On account of the persecution against the evangelical party, he had to leave that position in 1673, and went to Wittenberg, where he lectured on theology, preaching at the same time. In 1674 he went as pastor and superintendent to Lubeck, where he died, March 2, 1683. Almost all the writings of Pomarius are of a polemical nature, and in-
tended to defend the Lutheran tenets. He was engaged in many theological disputes with Jesuits, and even with Protestant theologians. We mention among his works, De Noctambulis (Wittenberg, 1649, 1650, 4to):— De moderatione theologicd (ibid. 1674, 4to) : — Disseiiafio de reritate religionis Lutherans: — Comment, in episto- lam Judw: — Analysin et exegesin articulorum Aug. Covfessionis : — De. majestate S. Scriptures, etc. See Jucher, (lelehrten-Lexikon, s. v.; Chaufepie, Diet. Hist. s. v.; Wetzer u. Welte, Kirch.-Lexikon, s. v. (B. 1'. )
Pome (Lat. pomum, i. e. an apple) is in ecclesias- tic language (1) a cup or ball filled with perfumes; (2) a ball of metal filled with hot water, and used by the priest to warm his hands at the altar. It was some- times made four-footed and with rings of silver.