Popogano is the name by which the primitive in- habitants of Virginia designated hell, which the} imag- ined Boating in the air between heaven and earth.
Poppie, Poppy, Poppt-hkad (from Ft.poupi a doll, or l.at. puppis the "| p" of a ship., an archi- tectural term designating an elevated ornament often used on the tops of the upright ends, or elbows, w hich terminate seats, etc., in churches; thej are sometimes
Ordinary Poppie. Kidlington, c. USO.
Poppy-head. See Poppds
Populonia, a surname of Juno (q.v.) among the ancient Romans, as being the protectress of the whole Roman people.
Por'atha (Heb. Poratha', X~""2, prob. Persian, perhaps a lot bestowed; Sept. BapSaSav.T.&apadaSa),
the fourth named of the ten sons of Hainan, slain by the Jews in the palace of Abasuerus il'.-th. i\. s). B.C. ■173.
Porch is the rendering in the A. V. of the following words:
1. O^ISt or r:x. uldm | from '^N. before), a vestibule or hall (Sepi. avXdu : Vulg. porticus \ 1 Chron. xxviii, 11]; vaoc; porticus). Ii is used of the entrance-hall of a building (Ezek. xl, 7, 18); of the place where the throne was placed, and where judgment was adminis- tered (1 Kings vii, 7 [see Palaci |); and of the a eran- da surrounding a court (Ezek. xli. 15). it is especially
applied tO the veslihule of the Temple i 1 Kings vi. vii ;
Joel ii. 17 i. s.e I i \iii i :. "The porch of the Lord" (2 Chron. xv, 8 ; wi\. 17 i seems to stand for the Tem- ple itself.
2. *"~"". misderon, a sort ol i balcony with pillars i Judg. iii. '_'•"• | : probably a corridor connect- ing the principal rooms of the house (Wilkinson. An- cient Egyptians, i. 11). It may have been a s..rt of ve- randa chamber in the works of Solomon, open in front and at the sides, but capable of being enclosed with
awnings or curtains, like that of the r..\al palace at Is- pahan described by Chardin (vii, 386, and pi. 89). The word is used iii the Talmud (Middoth, iii. 7).
:;. llr.W.r (Matt. xxvi. 71), probably the passage from the Btreel into the first court of the house, in which, in Eastern houses, is the mastdbah, or stone bench for the porter or persons waiting, and where also ii.. master ol I he houa often rect ives \ isitors and trans- acts business (Lane, Mod. Eg. i. 82; Shaw, Trav. p. 207). The word rendered "porch" in the parallel pas- sage i Mark \i\. 68) is wpoavXiov, the outer court. Ihc scene therefore of the denial of our Lord took place either in that court or in the passage from ii to the house-door. See ll"t si .
1. The term OTod is used lor the colonnade or portico
PORCH
417
PORCH
of Bethesda, and also for that of the Temple called Sol- omon's porch (John v, 2; x, 23; Acts iii, 11; v, 12). Josephus describes the porticos or cloisters which sur- rounded the Temple of Solomon, and also the royal por- tico (Ant. viii, 3, 9 ; xv, 11, 3, 5 ; War, v, 5, 2). Those porticos are described by Tacitus as forming an impor- tant line of defence during the siege (Hist, v, 12). See Solomon's Ppncn.
PORCH (Lat. portions) is the term applied in eccle- siastic architecture to the adjunctive erection placed over the doorway of a church. In the early ecclesias- tical structures, raised after infant baptism became prev- alent in the West, and the discipline of the catechumens (q. v.) had fallen into desuetude, the narthex (q. v.) was given the form of a vestibule, frequently closed, and sufficiently capacious to contain a large number of per- sons and permit the celebration of different ceremonials. This was really what we now understand by porch. Few churches, cathedrals, conventual or parochial, were, until the middle of the 12th century, unprovided with a central porch in front of the principal entrance ; but after the 13th century they were not so com- mon.
The earliest porches in the West, dating from the 8th to the 11th century, are shallow, and ex- tended across the church front, as at Clermont. One of the earliest is at St. Font, Perigueux. In some cases they were recessed under the tower, as at St. Germain-des-Pre's (Paris), Limoges, Poissy, of the 9th or 10th century, St. Benet-sur-Loire, Moissac, and St. Savin. During the 11th century this became the rule; in the 13th it was rare, but at a later date it reappeared at Caen, Fribourg, and Cranbrook. At St. Savin the porch is defen- sible and protected by a ditch, just as the castel- lated palace stands in front of the western en- trance of Cashel Cathedral. The giant porch of Vienna, imposing as it is, is far exceeded by the three magnificent Early English porches of Peter- borough, which accord with the entire work, while those of many of the great French cathedrals are mere afterthoughts, noble but accidental addi- tions. At Fribourg, Rheims, and Chartres (1250-80) the porches are covered with statuary.
Towards the close of the 12th century the ceremonies performed within them fell into desuetude, and they in consequence dwindled into a mere appendage of the nave. Then, from the exclusive use of western doors, large lateral porches, usually in cathedrals, as at Char- tres, Mans, Bayeux, Puy-en-Velay, Chalons-sur-Mame, Wells, Salisbury, Lincoln, and Hereford, were built for the convenience of worshippers when entering or leav- ing the church, for benedictions, and the preliminaries of marriages and baptism, and the passage of funerals. The monastic churches in towns imitated the arrange- ment. These porches were usually closed at the sides, as in the Norman examples of Kelso, Selby, Southwell, Sherborne, and Malmesbury, although that of Alencon is open. At Hereford the outer porch (cir. 1513) is open, but the inner Decorated porch is closed. Until the close of the 14th century porches, generally of open form, were commonly built. The lateral porch fronted the side which faced the more populous portion of the city — at Gloucester, Canterbury, Malmesbury, Chester, and St. David's, on the south; at Durham, Hereford, Exeter, Christchurch (Hants), and Selby, on the north. At Chichester it is on the south side, opening on the cloister to admit processions to the shrine ; at West- minster (called from its beauty Solomon's Porch) it stood in advance of the north front of the transept ; at Lincoln the bishop's porch is in the presbytery. There are Early English porches at St. Alban's and Barnack, the latter, like All Saints', Stamford, Albury, and St. Mary's, Nottingham, having external and internal stone roofs. At Tewkesbury the vast western arch may have formed a gigantic porch. At Lincoln three recessed porches exist, as once at St. Alban's. VIII.— D d