by tWO ministers and one elder; and for years alter the
development of Presbyterianism was slow. In Upper
Canada, now known as the Province of Ontario, the pi- oneers ol Presbyterianism were sent out by the Reformed Dutch ' Ihurch. < hie of the principal laborers thus sent was the Rev. Roberl M'Dowell, who was appointed la- the classis of Albany as their missionary to Canada in 1798. lie itinerated throughout the greater part of Up- per Canada, forming and fostering congregations in va- rious plans. He died at a \ cry advanced age ill 1841. The Rev. W. Smart, who was sent out from England in 181 1, and who labored long and faithfully in Brockville; the Rev. W. Bell, sent out from Scotland in 1817; the Rev. William Jenkins, originally from Scotland, who
wenl to f'auada from the United States in 1*17: the Rev. Roberl Boyd, from the Synod of Ulster, ordained in 1821; ami the Rev. James Harris, also from Ireland, who began his labors in 1820 as pastor of the first Presbyte- rian church in York (now Toronto .were anion -the foun- ders of the Presbyterian Church in Canada. To King- ston and a few other places ministers were, on applica- tion, senl out by presbyteries in Scotland, the Rev. John Barclay being the first minister of Kingston. In 1825, the Glasgow Colonial Society was formed, which senl
out many ministers to Lower and Upper Canada, a- well
as to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. These minis- ters were all of the Church of Scotland. In 1827 bishop Strachan, ol Toronto, published an ecclesiastical chart of Upper Canada, in which the Church of England was
said to have thirty ministers, while two only belonged to i he « Ihurch of Scotland "one of whom," it was fur- ther alleged. " had made application to be received into the Anglican Communion." A change, however, was at hand. The tide of immigration had begun to flow in the direction ol Canada, bringing large numbers of
Presbyterians from Scotland and the north of Ireland.
Societies also began to lie formed in Scotland -for pro- moting the religious interests of Scottish settlers in British North America." Presbyterianism had taken
root in Canada; it now began to make rapid progress.
The supply of Scottish ministers being necessarily cul
off, owing to the ecclesiastical condition of the country. these provinces were at this time thrown almost en- tirely on their own resources. In 1831 was formed •• The Synod of the Presbyterian Church of Canada in connection with the Church of Scotland." On its first roll were 25* miiii>ters. "The United Synod of Upper ( 'auada." consisting chiefly of ministers of the Associate < lunch of Scotland, with some from Ireland, had formed about 1819, hut in 1840 was amalgamated with the synod ill connection with the Church of Scotland, and then numbered 82 ministers. Several ministers from
i he Secession Church of Scotland came to Canada about
1832, and the number was increased from tune to time. I'hey were organized a- the Missionary Synod of the United Secession Church, and known afterwards as the Synod of the 1'iiiied Presbyterian Church in Canada. In 184 I. the year after the disruption of the < Ihurch of Scotland, a division took place in the Presbyterian Church of Canada in connection with the Church of Scotland; 25 ministers agreeing with the Free Church
ol Scotland withdrew, and formed themselves into " The Presbyterian Church of Scotland." The synod formed immediately founded a tl logical hall at Toronto un- der the name of" Knox < lollege." The United Presby- terians also instituted a theological hall at London. The synod in connection with the Church of Scotland, having in 1841 obtained a royal charter for Queen's University and College at Kingston, set themselves to work for its better equipment. Then began a struggle for pre-eminence between three vigorous branches of i he i Ihurch. With van ing success, each maintained a separate existence for seventeen years. To Nova Sco- tia and New Brunswick the firsl Presbyterian ministers were sent from Scotland by the Burgher and Anti- Burgher synods. A missionary was also sent in 1708 by the united synods of New York and Philadelphia. Ahout 1769 the real work of building up a Presbyterian Church in Nova Scotia may he said to have begun, the Rev. David Smith anil the Rev. Daniel Cock having been sent out by the Burgher or Associate Synod of Scotland. Seventeen years afterwards, the Rev.James M'Gregor was sent out by the Anti-Burgher or General Associate Synod. From these beginnings grew up the Presbytery of Truro (Burgher), established in 1786, and the Presbytery of Pictou (Anti-Burgher), in 1795. In 1817 these unite. I. forming "The Presbyterian church
of Nova Scotia." This was the first colonial union of which there is any record. Ministers from the Church of Scotland came at a later date. This Church was first represented in these provinces by the Rev. Samuel Rus- sel. called to he minister of St. Matthew s ( Ihurch, Hali- fax, in 178-1. Iiui thirty-two years intervened before it could he said to have effected a permanent lodgment.
In IM',:; seven ministers id' the Church of Scotland formed themselves into the Synod of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward's Island it he Presbytery of New Brunswick, however, declined to enter into the
compact, and in 1835 constituted itself the S\ I of