Prince is the rendering of several Heb. and Or. words in the A. V.
1. Sar, "lie (from "Il\9, to rule, to havi d Sept. dpxwv ; Vulg. priheeps |, the chief of any class, the master of a company, a prina or noUi ; used of Pha- raoh's chief butler and baker Mien. xl. 2 sq.); of the taskmasters set over the Israelites in Egypt i Exod. i. 11); even of chief herdsmen (Gen. xlvii, G). It i- fre- quently used for military commanders i Exod. xviii, 21 ["rulers"]; 2 Kings i. 9 ["captain""]; [sa. iii. 3, etc), and for princes both supreme and subordinate I 1 Sam. xxix. 3; Job xxix. 1. '.»: [sa. xlix. 7: Jer. Ii. In Dan. viii. 11 God is called JOSH 113 (Sar hats- tsdbd), Prince of the host; and in ver. 25 the title ~i C^'j (Sar sarim), Prince of princes, is applied t<> the Messiah. The ■■princes of the provinces" t"~-r r":"-i~~. sarey ham-medin6th, 1 Kings w. 14) were probably the district magistrates who had taken refuge in Samaria during the invasion of Benhadad, and their "young men" wen- their attendants, iraiSapia, pedis- sequi (Thenius, Ewald, Gesch. iii. 195). Josephua says. t'ioi rwv fiyepoviov t . 1 ni. viii. I I. 2 1. There is a pecul- iar sense in which the term "prince" is used by the prophet Daniel: thus, " Prince of the kingdom oi Per- sia" ( \. 13), " Michael \ our prince" i \ ii'. -_'l >. In these
passages the term probably means a tutelary angel;
.and the doctrine of tutelary angels of different e itries
Beems to b< tntenanced b\ several passagi a of Scrip- ture (Zech. iii, 1 ; vi,6; Jude9; Rev.xii,7). Michael and Gabriel were probably the tutelary angels of the
PRINCE
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PRINCE
Jews. These names do not occur in any books of the Old Test, that were written before the captivity ; and it is suggested by some that they were borrowed from the Chaldaeans, with whom and the Persians the doc- trine of the general administration and superintendence of angels over empires and provinces was commonly re- ceived. See Angel.
2. Nagid, "PM (from "JM, to be in front, to precede ; Sept. dpxwv or fiyovfitvoc ; Vulg. dux), one who has the precedence, a leader, or chief, used of persons set over any undertaking, superintending any trust, or invested with supreme power (1 Kings xiv, 7; Psa. lxxvi, 13; 1 Chron. xxvi, 24 ["ruler"]; 1 Sam. ix, 16 ["captain"], etc.). In Dan. ix, 25 it is applied to the Messiah ; and in xi, 22 to Ptolemy Philometor, king of Egypt.
3. Nadib, 2"H3 (from "Z,^, which in Hithp. signifies to volunteer, to offer voluntarily or spontaneously ; chiefly in poetry; Sept. cipx^v ; Vulg. princeps), generous, nobli -minded, noble by birth (1 Sam. ii, 8; Psa. xlvii. 10 ; cvii, 40 ; cxiii, 8 ; cxviii, 9 ; Prov. xxvii, 7, etc.). This word is the converse of the preceding; "P53 means primarily a chief, and derivatively what is morally no- ble, excellent (viii, 6) ; 2n13 means primarily what is morally noble, and derivatively one who is noble by birth or position.
4. Nasi, iOil'3 (from S'i'3, to lift up, Niph. to be ele- vated; Sept. dpx">v, iiyovpti'oc, rjye/iwv, j3aai\tvQ ; Vulg. princeps, dux), one exalted; used as a general term for princes, including kings (1 Kings xi, 24; Ezek. xii, 10. etc.), heads of tribes or families (Numb, i, 44 ; iii, 24 [A. V. "chief"]; vii, 10; xxxiv, 18; Gen. xvii, 20; 1 Chron. vii, 40, etc.). In the A. V. it is often ren- dered " ruler" or " captain." In Gen. xxiii, 6 Abraham is addressed by the sons of Heth as C^fi^X NEIL'S (nasi Elohini), a prince of God, i. e. constituted, and conse- quently protected, by God [A. V. " mighty prince"]. This word appears on the coins of Judas Maccabaeus (Gesenius, Thesaur. p. 917).
5. Nasik, ?p&3 (from ~C3, to pour out, anoint; Sept. apXiov; Vulg. princeps ; Psa. lxxxiii, 11 ; Ezek. xxxii, 30; Dan. xi, 5; "duke," Josh, xiii, 8; "principal," Mic. v, 5).
6. Katsin, **'4p (from MSP, to cut, to decide ; Sept. dpxijyug, dpxuji' ; Vulg. princeps ; Prov. xxv, 15; Dan. xi, 18; Mic. iii, 1, 9; elsewhere "captain," "guide," " ruler").
7. Rab, y? (usually an adj. "great; Sept. apx^v, ffysfiwv; Vulg. optimus); only occasional; but used in compounds, e. g. Eab-mag, Rab-saris (q. v.). So its Chakl. reduplicature Rabrebdn, *'"i2^, in the plur. (Dan. v, 2, 3; elsewhere "lords").
8. Rozen, "~\ (participle of "jtl, to rule; Sept. aa- rpain]c,, cvvaarne, ; Vulg. princeps, legum conditor), a poetical word (Judg. v. 3; Prov. viii, 15; xxxi, 4; Isa. xl, 23; Hab. i, 10: "ruler," Psa. ii, 2).
9. Shalish, C"1!?© (apparently from "(Jjil'lB, three; only Ezek. xxiii, 13; elsewhere "captain" [q. v.]).
10. Achashdarpenayd (Chald. plur. N^Q'I'TdPi:*, Dan. iii, 2, 3, 27; vi, 1-7; Sept, vTraroi), a Persian word. Those mentioned in Dan. vi, 1 (see Esth. i, 1) were the predecessors, either in fact or in place, of the satraps of Darius Hystaspis (Herod, iii, 89). See Sa- trap.
11. Chashmannim, C^l^Fl (plur. literally rich, only in Psa. lxviii, 13).
12. Segen, *5D (a Persian word, used only in the plur. Isa. xi, 25 ; elsewhere " rulers").
13. Partemim, only in the plur. E^EFHE (another Persian word, Dan. i, 3; elsewhere "rulers").