of Talbot, Beach, and others, that of Dr. T. B. Chandler, of Elizabethtown, must ever be held in grateful mem- ory by churchmen. The Protestant Episcopal Church has always been comparatively strong in New Jersey. Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn in 1081- 8-2. and. so far as religion was concerned, was tolerant to all of every name. It deserves to be mentioned, too, that, as in the early history of Virginia, kindness and gentleness were displayed towards the native tribes, and no Quaker blood was ever shed by the Indians- The first Episcopal Church founded in Pennsylvania was Christ's Church, Philadelphia, in 109o; and at va- rious points the missionaries of the Society for Propa- gating the Gospel were, during the early part of the 18th century, actively engaged in preaching the Gos- pel. Great ungodliness prevailed in all directions, and fanaticism, in its most offensive, hurt fid form, displayed itself; but the clergy labored on, amid every discour- agement, and their labors were blessed to a large extent. In all the colonial enterprises thus far, as we have seen, the Church of England was allowed a reasonably fair and just privilege of ministering to the wants of its own people, and extending its boundaries and in- fluence, as best it could in accordance with the rights of others. But when we look at New England, and see what treatment the Church met with there, the contrast is striking indeed. Here, as is well known, the first settlers were those called in the ecclesiastical history of the time Puritans. They were men who had been engaged in long and fierce contentions with the established Church in England. They were men also of stern and unyielding natures, and among them, the leading ones at least, for good reasons, as they held, hated the Church with as nearly a perfect hatred as is possible for man to attain. There was no term in the vocabulary of reproach which they did not heap upon the Church and its clergy and members, as well as its liturgy and services. They refused to allow two cler- gymen of the Church, who were in New England in 1623-24, to preach and labor in any way in their voca- tion; and the brothers Browne, two of the original pat- entees of the Massachusetts Bay Company, who desired to enjoy the services of the Church of England, and that too only in a private dwelling, were shipped off in 1629, without ceremony, by Endicott, the governor, on the ground that they were "factious and evil- condi- tioned." Thus was begun that series of oppressive ac- tions and intolerant disregard of the rights of others which resulted later in the judicial murder of the Quakers. In a letter, dated April 7. 163(1, when a large body of Puritans were embarking from England under Winthrop and Saltonstall. they spoke of themselves as men " who esteem it an honor to call the Church of England, whence we rise, our dear mother; and we cannot part from our native country, where she special- ly resideth, without much sadness of heart, and many tears in our eyes; ever acknowledging that such hope and part as we have obtained in the common salvation we have received in her bosom, and sucked it from her breasts." Yet these same men and their succes- sors, with strange and painful disregard of the plain meaning of their words, resolved upon and put in prac- tice intolerance in its most vengeful form. They had suffered, as they averred, bitter persecution and griev- ous wrong in England from the "lord bishops" in au- thority there, who gave no heed to their conscientious scruples in Church matters; but, so far from showing forth love and gentleness and kindness and liberality as regards other people's consciences, they seem, when the ]iower fell into their hands, to have become, in all matters relating to religion, harder than the granite rock ; and, with a spirit as unpitying and hateful as that of the Inquisition itself, they determined that no man. woman, or child, where they had strength to stop it, shoidd ever hold any opinion or have any religious faith which they, the "lord brethren" of New England, did not approve. They fined, imprisoned, or banished
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recusants of all sorts. "God forbid." said they, through Endicott, an impersonation of bigotry, " thai our love of truth should be so cold that we should tolerate er- rors!" I hey allowed no one who differed from them in live among them. Convicted Anabaptists were "whipped unmercifully." Quakers, who with fanat- ical \ iolence defied the magistrates and ministers, were sentenced, after the lirsi conviction, to lose one ear; after the second, another; after the third, to have the tongue bored through with a red hot-iron; and sev- eral of them were put to death; but in 166J Charles II. by a peremptory order, forbade further outrage "i miis kind. As to the Indians, though the colo- ui i- were under chartered obligation to treat them well and endeavor to convert them to Christianity, these were looked u] as having no rights to be re- spected, as wolves, savages, heat ben. and doomed, like the Canaanites of old, to utter excision as speedily as possible. It was only such men as Roger Williams in Rhode Island, and the estimable John Eliot, the Apostle to the Indians, and the comparatively lew who sympa- thized with them, that helped to relieve New England bigotry and intolerance from being denounced as utter- ly detestable. The Puritans, in carrying out their prin- ciples, organized what they called churches on th< same plan of independency as that employed in civil m itters. They looked upon themselves as under no restraint, and as owing no obligation or courtesy to their "dear mot Iter, t lie Church of England," and they thought and acted as if they could just as readily have— to use a pet phrase of later days- a church without a bishop as a state without a king. Of course, under such a condi- tion of affairs, and with such antagonism and prejudice against the Church and all appertaining to it. it could make little or no progress in New England; and it is a tact to be noted that for some sixty years after the landing on Plymouth rock there was not a single Epis- copal church in all that part of the country. It was not till tin- year 1679 that Charles II. on the earnest representation of some of the inhabitants through the bishop ot London, caused a church to be built in BoS- ton. William of < (range subsequently settled an annual bounty of £100 lor endowment.