i mg, 3 feel •"• inches broad, and 3 feel 5 inches Bmallerthan theothei two, being only
hi for whom the pyramid was built. As the heat 218 feet high by 854 feel 6 inches
square. Ii also has two sepulchral chambers, both in the solid rock. The lower sepulchral chamber, which held a sarcophagus of rectangular shape, of
inasun's marks.
of this chamber was stifling, owing to want of ventila- tion, two small air-channels, or chimneys, about nine [uare, were made, ascending to the north and smith sides of the pyramid. They perfectly ventilate
this chamber. Alter the mummy was deposited in the whinstone, had a pointed root, cul like King's Chamber, the entrance -was closed with granite an arch inside; but the cedar coffin, in ises, and a well made at the junction of I he up- shape of a mummy, bad b» □ n moved ward-inclined and horizontal passages, by which the to the upper or large apartment, and workmen descended into the downward-inclined pas- its contents there rifled. Among the Bage, after carefully closing the access to the sepulchral debris oftbe coffin and in the chambers chambers. The changes which took place in this pyr- were found the legs and pari of the amid gave rise to various traditions, even in the days trunk of a body with linen wrapper, of Herodotus, Cheops being reported to lie buried in a supposed by some to be thai of the monarch, bul by chamber surrounded by the waters of the Nile. It took others to be that of an Arab, on account of the anchy- a long time for its construction — 100,000 men being losed right knee. This body and fragments of the coffin employed on it. fur thirty years. The operations in were removed to the British Museum; but the -tone tliis pyramid l>y general v"yse gave rise to the discov- sarcophagus was unfortunately lost off Carthagena, by cry of marks scrawled in red ochre in a kind of cursive the sinking of the vessel in which it was being trans- hieroglyphs on the blocks brought from the quarries of ported to England. There is a hieroglyphic inscription Turah. These contained the name and titles of Shufu very beautifully engraved on the fragment of the coffin, (the hieroglyphic form of Cheops) : numerals and di- containing a royal name, which nails Menka-re. The reclions for the position of materials: with them were masonry of this pyramid is most excellent, and it was
anciently cased half-way up with black granite.
The second pyramid has a line of Chambers Cnt in the rock, and on its eastern side are the ruins of a temple. The third has a similar temple and avenue; and. indeed, the eastern face of the ( ,ieal Pyramid has traces. though more indistinct, of ,-i similar structure: hut the sec- ^ ond temple, that of Chephren,
is distinguished by having the Sphinx ranged in front of the c< ntiv ot ii- eastern face, bi ar- ing all the marks of having been connected with it by communi- cations cut through the rock under- gmund. Between the paws of the Sphinx a perfect temple was discovered, a few \ ears ago, by Belzoni, on char- in- awaj the sand by which it bad been choked up for
There are six other pyramids of interior size and int( Glzeh : one at Aim Rush, five miles to the north-west of the same spot, is ruined, hut of large dimensions: another at Zow \ et el-Arrian, also made of lime- stone, i- siill more ruined : an- other al Kigali, a spot in the also much mini d, and built lor the monarch User-en-Ra, bj some supposed to he Bu- siris. There are five of these monuments al AbusJr, one with a name supposed to he that of a monarch of the third dynasty: and another with that of I he king Sahura. A group of eleven pyramids remains at Sakkara. one with a doorwaj inlaid with porcelain tiles, and having a royal name. Five other pyramids
are ai Dashur, the northernmost of which, built of brick, is supposed to he that of the king Asychis of Herodotus, and ha- a name of a king apparently about the twelfth dynasty. Other- arc at Meydfin and 111a- hun; and two at Biahmo, at Medinel el-Fayum, appar- ently the sepulchres of the la-t king- of [he twelfth dv-
A. Pyramid when cased and i
1 I
1 >. \ itaral rock.
Section of the Great Pyramid of Gizeh.
/<. I ». -■ . tnlii
of/..
«\ Subterranean chamber, out of d.
f. Pit dug by general II. Vyse.
• ulipli El i. Aacendlng
j. Mouth of well. k. Well.
/. Horizontal gallery leading m. Queen'a I hitmber. 71. ttrrnt gull, ry.
o. \ eatibule.
■ bamber. q. Sarcophagua in the King's Chamber,
r. Davidaon5! Chamber.
... Wellington'* Chamber.
' l::i!lil..r.
I uthnot'a CI
■
Queen's Chamber.
Hieroglyph of Chephren,
The second pyramid is situated on a | \ icinity of Abuslr higher elevation than the first, and w as built by shufu [I, or Chephren i B.< . 2186 2163), the bod of shufu I. His name reads Shefri : he is called Suphis II by Manetho, and I Sephrenes bj I le- rodotus. It is inscribed on a beautiful table! in the British Museum, which
was brought froi e of the tombs