1 {KG ALE
1010
REGENERATION
Dutch, and other Foreign Protestant Refugees settled in
EnyhtiuU Loud. 1 *lii i; Smiles. /'//< Jlii;iuenuts,thtir Stt-
tl< in, nts, Indusli I and, In land, and Am, r-
iea (X. V. 1868). — Chambers's Encyclop. s. v.
Regale, the Dame given to the privilege by which the kin«r of France claimed to enjoy the revenues of a see daring its vacancy. See Reg u.i \.
Regalia (or Regale), Kuan of, is the possession of certain privileges in ecclesiastical things. As the regalia Petri we distinguish the various rights and high prerogatives which, according to Romanists, be- long to the pope as a kind of universal sovereign and king of kings. Under regale, however, is generally understood the righl which sovereigns claim in virtue of their royal prerogative. The question as to the ex- tent of these privileges has frequently been the suhject of controversy between kings and popes. It involved several points as to presentation to heneficcs, most of which formed the object, from time to time, of negotia- tion by concordat ; l>ut the most serious conflict arose Out of the claim made by the crown to the revenues of vacant benefices, especially bishoprics, and the co-ordi- nate claim to keep the benefice or the see vacant for an indefinite period, in order to appropriate its revenue. This plainly abusive claim was one of the main grounds of complaint on the part of the popes as to the practice of lay investiture (q. v.), and it reached its height in England under the first Norman kings, especially Will- iam Rufus. The most memorable conflict, however, on the suhject of the regalia was that of Innocent XI (q.v.) with Louis XIV, which was maintained with great per- tinacity on both sides for several years, the king extend- ing the claim to some of the French provinces which had until then been exempt from it, and the pope re- fusing to confirm any of the appointments of Louis to the sees which became vacant as long as the obnoxious claim should be persisted in. The dispute continued till after the death of Innocent. Louis XIV having gone bo far as to Beize upon the papal territory of Avignon in reprisal; but it was adjusted in the following pontificate, the most obnoxious part of the claim being practically abandoned, although not formally withdrawn. The con- test grew out of the interpretation of French canon law which gives the right to the kings of France to enjoy the revenues of all bishoprics during their vacancy, and
also to present tO their prebends and all other their
dignities without cure of souls. Such presentations might be made whether the dignity were vacant both dejun and defacto, as by death, or only either d* jure, as if the incumbent were convicted of a crime or had accepted another dignity, or ,!• facto, as if the regale should open after the presentation of an incumbent, but before he had taken possession. The regale lasted till a new admission to the bishopric was fully completed by taking the oath of allegiance, when a mandate was issued by the ( 'hauibfe des Comptes i" the commissary of the regale to restore the revenues. This righl had one or two singular privileges : it occurred not onlyona vacancy, but also when a bishop was made a cardinal, and lasted till he repeated the oath of allegiance ; it lasted thirty years as regarded patronage, so that if the king
should leave a dignity vacant and the new bishop till
it up, the king might appoint a fresh incumbent at any time within this date; it was absolutely in the king's discretion, and subject to no other constitutions whatever. The regale was at different times deprived
of ch of its original extent: certain bishoprics, as
those of Languedoc, Provence, and Dauphine, claimed entire exemption; and though a decision of Parliament pronounced at one time that the right extended over the whole kingdom, this was afterwards quashed, and
the quest imi remained undecided. Abbeys w hich were
formerly subject to the regale were discharged, and an attempt tO replace them under it quite failed. Finally
all right to the revenues was resigned by Louis Mil and that of patronage was retained. See Commentain
•h M. Dupuy sur I, Traiti des Liberies <!> M.Pithon, i,
1 It.;. Sir also Si i-kt.MAi v. Papal.
Regals (perhaps from rigabeUo, an instrument used prior to the organ in the churches ol ftaly), a small portable finger-organ in use in the 16th and 17th centu- ries, and perhaps earlier. Many representations exist
of this instrument, including one sculptured on Melrose Abbey. The tubes rested On the air-chest, which was
filled by the bellows; and the bellows were managed with one hand, and the keys with the other.— CAam- li, rs's Encyclop. s. v.
Re'gem (Heb. id, befriend; Sept. 'Peyi/i v. r. Taytp), the first named of six sons of Jahdai (q.v.), apparently of the family of Caleb (1 Chron. ii. 47). B.C. post 1658.
Re'gem-me'lech (Heb. It, 'gem M, 'I, /.."""" =.'". friend of the king; Sept. ' ippeodp [v. r. 'Apfttoioip] 6 (3aai\evc; Vulg. Rogommelech), the name of a person w ho, in connection with Sherezer, was sent on behalf of some of the captivity to make inquiries at the Temple concerning fasting (Zech. \ ii. 2). B.C.cir. 517. In the A. V. the subject of the verse appears to be the captive .lews in Babylon and Bethel, or "the house of God" is regarded as the accusative alter the verb "I motion. The Sept. takes "the king" as the nominative to the verb "sent," considering the last part of the name Re- gem-melech as an appellative, and not as a proper name. What reading the- Sept. had it is difficult to conjecture. In the Vulgate, Sherezer, Regem-melecb, and their men arc the persons who sent to the house of God. The Peshito-Syriae has a curious version of the passage: •• And he sent to Bethel, to Sharezer and Rab-mag; and the king sent and his men to pray for him before the Lord;" Sharezer and Lab-mag being associated in Jer. xxxix. :'.. 13. The Hexaplar-Syriac, following the IV- shito, has •• Rab-mag." < >n referring to Zech. vii. 5, the expression "the people of the land" seems to indicate that those who sent to the Temple were not the captive Jews in Babylon, but those who had returned to their own country; and this being the case, it is probable that in ver. 2 •• Bethel" is to be taken as the subject : "and Bethel," i.e. the inhabitants of Bethel, -sent." From its connection with Sherezer. the name Regem-melech (lit. "king's friend," comp. 1 Chron. xxvii. 33) w::~ probably an Assyrian title of office. — Smith. See Rab-m \,..