5. English. — The Italian Renaissance style was in- troduced into England about the middle of the lGth century by John of Padua, the architect of Henry VIII. English buildings of this style are distinguished by ca- pricious treatment of forms, and generally exhibit a de- ficiency of that grace and dignity, both in details and ensemble, which lend a peculiar charm to Italian struct- ures in the same style. Longleat House, Wiltshire, and Wollaton Hall are specimens of this style. See English Cyclop, s. v.; Rosengarten, Architectural Styles. See Rococo; Romanesque Architecture.
Renanali. See Peacock.
Renaudot, Euskre, a French savant, was born at Paris, July 20, 1646. His early studies were carried on among the Jesuits, and in the College of Harcourt. On their completion he entered the Congregation of the Orator}-, but without taking orders. Though he re- mained but a short time in this institution, the whole of his life was passed in similar ones, and was devoted to his favorite studies of theology and Oriental liter- ature. His knowledge of ecclesiastical affairs caused him to be employed in many negotiations with foreign countries, and his talent made him a favorite at court. In 1700 abbe Renaudot went to Rome, and received from Clement XI the prion' of Frossay, in Brittany. Dur- ing his whole career he endeavored to re-establish the printing of the Oriental classics, and interested the duke of Orleans in the subject, but it was never accomplished. He died at Paris, Sept. 1, 1720. Renaudot's writings were numerous, though he published nothing until a few years before his death. We mention, Defense de la Per- petuite de la Fui, etc. (Paris, 1708) -.—Gennadii Patri-
arch™ Homilm de Eueharistia, etc. (ibid. 1709): — La Perpetuite </<■ In Fui de VEglise sur /is Sacrements, etc. (ibid. 1713) : — Uistoria Patriarckarum A lexandrinorum Jacobitarum, etc. (ibid. 1713). This is the most com- plete work ever written upon the history of Egyptian Christianity. It is based upon the Arabic narrative of bishop Severus, and contains a complete list of the Jac- obite patriarchs from Cyril to John Touki, who lived early in the 18th century : — Liturgium Orientalium Col- lect io (ibid. 1715-16): — Anciennes Relations des I tides et de la Chine, etc. (ibid. 1718). Besides these, he left' works on purely literary subjects, and several valuable MSS. : — IJistoire de Saladin: — Histoire des Patriarches Syriens et de la Secte Nestorienne, and Traite de VEglise d'Ethiopie. See De Beri, Hist, de VAcad. des Imcript. v ; Niceron, Memoires, xii and xx. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generate, s. v.
Rend is the translation of several Heb. and Gr. words in the Bible. The following only are of special significance.
1. The rending ("^£> pt'jyvvpi) of one's clothes is an expression frequently used in Scripture as the token of the highest grief. Reuben, to denote his sorrow for Jo- seph, rent his clothes (Gen. xxxvii, 29) ; Jacob did the like (ver. 34), and Ezra, to express the concern and un- easiness of his mind, and the apprehensions he enter- tained of the divine displeasure on account of the peo- ple's unlawful marriages, is said to have rent his garments and mantle (Ezra ix, 3), that is, both his inner and upper garment. This action was also an expression of indigna- tion and holy zeal ; the high-priest rent his clothes, pre- tending that our Saviour had spoken blasphemy (Matt, xxvi, 65), and so did the apostles when the people in- tended to pay them divine honors (Acts xiv, 14). See Clothing.
To rend the garments was in Eastern countries and among ancient nations a symbolical action, expressive of sorrow, fear, or contrition. (See the monographs on the subject in Latin by Grunewold [Hafn. 1708] ; Hilli- ger [ Wittenb. 1716] ; Rohrensee [ibid. 1668] ; Schroder, f Jen. 1716]; and Wickmannshausen [Wittenb. 1716].) The passage in Joel (ii, 13), "Rend your hearts, and not your garments," is in allusion to this practice. But the phrase here is a Hebraism, meaning " Rend your hearts rather than your garments," or "Rend your hearts, and not your garments only ;" for the prophet does not for- bid the external appearances of mourning, but he cau- tions them against a merely hypocritical show of sorrow, and exhorts them to cherish that contrite and broken spirit which is acceptable in the sight of God. See Burial; Mourning.
2. In the prophet Jeremiah (iv, 30), when he de- nounces the divine judgments upon the people, it is said, "Though thou rentest (2^£) thy face with paint- ing ;" the Hebrew has, instead of face, " eyes," and the expression is an allusion to the Eastern practice of paint- ing the eyes, which we have explained under the words Eye and Paint.
Rendu, Louis, a French prelate, was born at Meyrin, Dec. 19, 1789. He entered the priesthood and spent his life in teaching and scientitic research. In 1833 he published a work entitled De V Influence des Lois sur les Maurs et des Mceius sur les I^ois. This gained for the author a wide reputation. He was afterwards made bishop of Annecy. His works were entirely scientific — on geology, meteorology, chemistry. He died Aug. 18, 1859. See Mgr. Louis Rendu, by the abbe G.Mermillod. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generate, s. v.
Renee d'Este, duchess of Ferrara and princess of France, whose career was closely interwoven with the history of the Reformation, was the second daughter of king Louis XII and Anne of Brittany, and was born at Blois, Oct. 29, 1510 (according to some authorities, Oct. 10 or 25; we follow Bonnet [J.], Lettres de J. Calvin, i, 43). She was married July 30, 1527, to duke Hercules