[226] xlix. 3: A.V., "their king"; R.V., "Malcam," which here and in verse 1 is a form of Moloch.
xlix. 7-22.
"Bozrah shall become an astonishment, a reproach, a waste, and a curse."--JER. xlix. 13.
The prophecy concerning Edom is not formulated along the same line as those which deal with the twin children of Lot, Moab and Ammon. Edom was not merely the cousin, but the brother of Israel. His history, his character and conduct, had marked peculiarities, which received special treatment. Edom had not only intimate relations with Israel as a whole, but was also bound by exceptionally close ties to the Southern Kingdom. The Edomite clan Kenaz had been incorporated in the tribe of Judah;[227] and when Israel broke up into two states, Edom was the one tributary which was retained or reconquered by the House of David, and continued subject to Judah till the reign of Jehoram ben Jehoshaphat.[228]
Much virtuous indignation is often expressed at the wickedness of Irishmen in contemplating rebellion against the dominion of England: we cannot therefore be surprised that the Jews resented the successful revolt of Edom, and regarded the hostility of Mount Seir to its former masters as ingratitude and treachery. In moments of hot indignation against the manifold sins of Judah Jeremiah might have announced with great vehemence that Judah should be made a "reproach and a proverb"; but when, as Obadiah tells us, the Edomites stood gazing with eager curiosity on the destruction of Jerusalem, and rejoiced and exulted in the distress of the Jews, and even laid hands on their substance in the day of their calamity, and occupied the roads to catch fugitives and deliver them up to the Chaldeans,[229] then the patriotic fervour of the prophet broke out against Edom. Like Moab and Ammon, he was puffed up with pride, and deluded by baseless confidence into a false security. These hardy mountaineers trusted in their reckless courage and in the strength of their inaccessible mountain fastnesses.
"Men shall shudder at thy fate,[230] the pride of thy heart hath deceived thee, O thou that dwellest in the clefts of the rock, that holdest the height of the hill: Though thou shouldest make thy nest as high as the eagle,[231] I will bring thee down from thence--it is the utterance of Jehovah."
Pliny speaks of the Edomite capital as "oppidum circumdatum montibus inaccessis,"[232] and doubtless the children of Esau had often watched from their eyrie Assyrian and Chaldean armies on the march to plunder more defenceless victims, and trusted that their strength, their good fortune, and their ancient and proverbial wisdom would still hold them scatheless. Their neighbours--the Jews amongst the rest--might be plundered, massacred, and carried away captive, but Edom could look on in careless security, and find its account in the calamities of kindred tribes. If Jerusalem was shattered by the Chaldean tempest, the Edomites would play the part of wreckers. But all this shrewdness was mere folly: how could these Solons of Mount Seir prove so unworthy of their reputation?
"Is wisdom no more in Teman? Has counsel perished from the prudent? Has their wisdom vanished?"
They thought that Jehovah would punish Jacob whom He loved, and yet spare Esau whom He hated. But:--
"Thus saith Jehovah: Behold, they to whom it pertained not to drink of the cup shall assuredly drink. Art thou he that shall go altogether unpunished? Thou shalt not go unpunished, but thou shalt assuredly drink" (12).
Ay, and drink to the dregs:--
"If grape-gatherers come to thee, would they not leave gleanings? If thieves came by night, they would only destroy till they had enough. But I have made Esau bare, I have stripped him stark naked; he shall not be able to hide himself. His children, and his brethren, and his neighbours are given up to plunder, and there is an end of him" (9, 10). "I have sworn by Myself--is the utterance of Jehovah-- That Bozrah shall become an astonishment, a reproach, a desolation, and a curse; All her cities shall become perpetual wastes. I have heard tidings from Jehovah, and an ambassador is sent among the nations, saying, Gather yourselves together and come against her, arise to battle" (13, 14).