4. Before a child is born into the world, he has eyes, but sees not; he has ears, but does not hear. He has a very imperfect use of any other sense. He has no knowledge of any of the things of the world, or any natural understanding. To that manner of existence which he then has, we do not even give the name of life. It is then only when a man is born, that we say he begins to live. For as soon as he is born, he begins to see the light, and the various objects with which he is encompassed. His ears are then opened, and he hears the sounds which successively strike upon them. At the same time all the other organs of sense begin to be exercised upon their proper objects. He likewise breathes and lives in a manner wholly different from what he did before. How exactly doth the parallel hold, in all these instances? While a man is in a mere natural state, before he is born of God, he has, in a spiritual sense, eyes and sees not, a thick impenetrable veil lies upon them. He has ears, but hears not; he is utterly deaf to what he is most of all concerned to hear. His other spiritual senses are all locked up; he is in the same condition as if he had them not. Hence he has no knowledge of God, no intercourse with him; he is not at all acquainted with him. He has no true knowledge of the things of God, either of spiritual or eternal things. Therefore though he is a living man, he is a dead Christian. But as soon as he is born of God, there is a total change in all these particulars. The _eyes of_ his _understanding are opened_ (such is the language of the great apostle:) and he who of old _commanded light to shine out of darkness shining on his heart_, he sees _the light of the glory of_ God, his glorious love, _in the face of_ Jesus Christ. His ears being opened, he is now capable of hearing the inward voice of God, saying, _Be of good chear, thy sins are forgiven thee: Go and sin no more_. This is the purport of what God speaks to his heart: Although perhaps not in these very words. He is now ready to hear whatsoever _He that teacheth man knowledge_ is pleased from time to time to reveal to him. He “feels in his heart (to use the language of our church) the mighty working of the Spirit of God:” not in a gross, carnal sense, as the men of the world stupidly and wilfully misunderstand the expression: though they have been told again and again, we mean thereby neither more nor less than this: he feels, is inwardly sensible of the graces which the Spirit of God works in his heart. He feels, he is conscious of a _peace which passeth all understanding_. He many times feels such a joy in God, as is _unspeakable and full of glory_. He feels _the love of_ God _shed abroad in his heart by the Holy Ghost which is given unto him_. And all his spiritual senses are then _exercised to discern_ spiritual _good and evil_. By the use of these he is daily increasing in the knowledge of God, of Jesus Christ whom he hath sent, and of all the things pertaining to his inward kingdom. And now he may be properly said _to live_: God having quickened him by his Spirit, he is alive to God through Jesus Christ. He lives a life which the world knoweth not of, a _life_ which _is hid with_ Christ _in_ God. God is continually breathing, as it were, upon the soul, and his soul is breathing unto God. Grace is descending into his heart, and prayer and praise ascending to heaven. And by this intercourse between God and man, this fellowship with the Father and the Son, as by a kind of spiritual respiration, the life of God in the soul is sustained: and the child of God grows up, ’till he comes to _the full measure of the stature of_ Christ.
5. From hence it manifestly appears, what is the nature of the new birth. It is that great change which God works in the soul, when he brings it into life: when he raises it from the death of sin, to the life of righteousness. It is the change wrought in the whole soul by the almighty Spirit of God, when it is _created anew in_ Christ Jesus, when it is _renewed after the image of_ God, _in righteousness and true holiness_: when the love of the world is changed into the love of God, pride into humility, passion into meekness; hatred, envy, malice, into a sincere, tender, disinterested love for all mankind. In a word, it is that change whereby the _earthly, sensual, devilish_ mind, is turned into the _mind which was in_ Christ Jesus. This is the nature of the new birth. _So is every one that is born of the Spirit._