36. Fainted (joav éoxvaApévor). Rev., better, were distressed. Note the verb with the participle, denoting their habitual con- dition. The word orginally means to flay, rend, or mangle. ANschylus uses it of the tearing of dead bodies by fish (“‘ Persae,” 577). As appropriate to the figure of sheep, it might be ren- dered here jleeced. Wyce., they were travailed.
Scattered (€ppiupévor). So A. V. and Rey. The word is the perfect participle passive of fiat, to throw or cast, and means thrown down, prostrated. So Wyc., lying. It isnot the
Ga X.] MATTHEW. Oil
dispersion one from another, but their prostration in themselves that is meant. They have cast themselves down for very wear- iness.
38. Send forth (ék@ddy). So A. V. and Rev. But the word is stronger: thrust out, force them out, as from urgent necessity.
1. The disciples (rovs wadnras). The or his, referring to them as already chosen, though he nowhere relates their choos- ing. See Mark iii. 14; Luke vi. 13.
2. Apostles (dzrocrd\wv). Compare disciples, ver. 1. Apos- tles is the official term, used here for the first time. They were merely learners (disciples, wadnrai) until Christ gave them authority. From droctéAno, to send away. An apostle is one sent forth. Compare John xiii. 16 and Rey., one that as sent. Cremer ( Biblico-Theological Lexicon”) suggests that it was the rare occurrence of the word in profane Greek that made it all the more appropriate as the distinctive appellation of the twelve. Compare Luke vi. 13; Acts i. 2. Also, John xvii. 18, T have sent. The word is once used of Christ (Heb. iii. 1), and in a very general sense to denote any one sent (2 Cor. vill. 23 ;
Philip. ii. 25).
4. The Canaanite (6 Kavavaios). Rev., Oananaean. The word has nothing to do with Canaan. In Luke vi. 15; Acts i. 13, the same apostle is called Zelotes. Both terms indicate his connection with the Galilaean Zealot party, a sect which stood for the recovery of Jewish freedom and the maintenance of distinctive Jewish institutions. From the Hebrew hanna, zeal- ous ; compare the Chaldee kandn, by which this sect was de- noted.
5. Judas Iscariot (6 Ioxapiwrns). The article distinguishes him from others of the name of Judas (compare John xiv. 22).
58 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. X.
Iscariot is usually explained as a compound, meaning the man of Kerioth, with reference to his native town, which is given in Joshua (xv. 25) as one of the uttermost cities of Judah toward the coast of Edom southward.
In the four catalogues of the apostles (here; Mark iii. 16; Luke vi. 14; Acts i. 13) Simon Peter always stands first. Here expressly ; “ first Simon.” Notice that Matthew names them in paws, and compare Mark vi. 7, “sent them forth two and two.” ‘The arrangement of the different lists varies + but throughout, Peter is the leader of the first four, Philip of the second, and James, son of Alphaeus, of the third.
6. The lost sheep (ra rpo8ata ta atodwdoTa). The Greek order throws the emphasis on dost; the sheep, the lost ones. Bengel observes that Jesus says Jost oftener than Jed astray. Compare xviii. 12, 44,
9. Brass (yad«ov). Properly copper. A decending climax. Copper would be as unnecessary as gold.
10. Staves (fdéGdous). But the proper reading is staff, (paBdor.)
The workman is worthy, ete. Ver. 11, There abide, ete. “The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles,” a tract discovered in 1873 in the library of the monastery of the Most Holy Sepul- chre at Constantinople, by Bryennios, Metropolitan of Nicome- dia, is assigned to the date of 120 A.D., and by some scholars is placed as early as 100 a.p. It is addressed to Gentile Christians, and is designed to give them practical instruction in the Chris- tian life, according to the teachings of the twelve apostles and of the Lord himself. In the eleventh chapter we read as fol- lows: “ And every apostle who cometh to you, let him be re- ceived as the Lord ; but he shall not remain except for one day ; if, however, there be need, then the next day ; but if he remain three days, he is a false prophet. But when the apostle de- parteth, let him take nothing except bread enough till he lodge again, but if he ask money, he is a false prophet.” And again